Reply #8: I have always included the math functions in my probability posts.

[TruthIsAll]

For each statement in the list that you are referring to, you can find the post which proves the calculation.

I have always made it a point to display analyses and formulas in full, unlike others who display derision, but not formulas, in rebuttal.

Two Excel functions handle the probabilities:

1) The Normal distribution
2) The Binomial distribution.

Check out my posts and you will see how I use them.