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To enjoy the benefits of DSL service you need some form of media connecting your home to the central office. This could be a standard local loop (i.e. copper), bundled copper or multiplexed digital signals from a Remote Switching Unit (copper or fiber) or a wireless local loop.
The Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers (ILECs) are required to lease space within their central offices, and capacity on their lines, to competition (1983 - Judge Green made this possible when he broke the Bell system). Therefore, any company offering DSL service can, theoretically, set up shop in your Local CO. However, the ILEC is no longer required to lease their space or capacity at a reasonable rate and there may be no provider of DSL in your area except the ILEC.
DSL works by harnessing the bandwidth above 4kHz, between your home and the local switch. Voice is only sampled at 4kHz a filter at the CO clips the signals over that rate. DSL requires installing special filters between the phone and the CO, usually between the phone and wall jack, to preform the 4kHz conversion. All data traffic is sent at frequencies above 4kHz.
The ILEC or DSL providers removes the 4kHz filter at the CO switch and installs a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer that moves your data signals to the appropriate output port for web access while switching your regular voice signals over the standard switch fabric.
ILECs are reluctant to service a home with no existing local loop service because it cannot effectively guarantee the quality of the loop between your home and the CO. And ILECs offer lowest priority service to competitition residing in the CO.
So, in a nutshell, you might be able to get DSL without local loop service, but I doubt it.
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