The Turkish War of Independence (Turkish: Kurtuluş Savaşı or İstiklâl Harbi) refers to the political and military events following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire along with the Central Powers in World War I and subsequent Allied occupation of most of its territory; and the resistance to Allied terms by the Turkish National Movement centered in Anatolia, ultimately leading to the foundation of today's Republic of Turkey.
Following the surrender of the Empire, through the Treaty of Sèvres (August 1920), the Ottoman government in Istanbul was placed under control of Allied occupation forces led by the British. The Empire ceded all of its Balkan and Arab provinces to the Allies, and the eastern and southern parts of the Empire's core in Anatolia were occupied, acting on the decisions of the Paris Peace Conference (1919). In 1922, Greek forces captured Izmir and occupied western Anatolia. Prompted by the incapacity of the Istanbul government, the efforts of a nationalist resistance movement in central Anatolia culminated in the formation of a new National Assembly in Ankara, acting independent of the Ottoman government. The nation successfully mobilized its resources under the leadership of
Mustafa Kemal Pasha (aka Kemal Ataturk), driving out the Greek, British, French and Italian occupation forces and effectively invalidating the Treaty of Sèvres. This result was internationally recognized through the Treaty of Lausanne in July 1923, leaving Anatolia and Eastern Thrace to form their own state. This was concluded by the declaration of the Republic of Turkey in October 1923, with Ankara as its capital.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence