Default being defined as "1. The failure to promptly pay interest or principal when due. Default occurs when a debtor is unable to meet the legal obligation of debt repayment. Borrowers may default when they are unable to make the required payment or are unwilling to honor the debt." (From
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/default2.asp )
There has never been an instance where the United States Treasury failed to make a timely payment of interest or redeem a bond on maturity. (That i can find an instance of, anyway)
I typed into Google the sentence "Has US Government ever defaulted on debt" and got 1.9 million hits. Well, i really don't have the time to read through 1.9 million articles but one caught my eye on the first page. This one;
http://www.lewrockwell.com/englund/englund18.htmlScroll almost all the way down and you will find this interesting bit;
But what about defaulting on Treasury bonds in the 20th century? Has this ever happened in the U.S.? As a matter of fact, it has – refer to the U.S. Supreme Court case Perry v. United States, 294 U.S. 330 (1935). Per this case, John M. Perry "purchased" a $10,000 "Fourth Liberty Loan 4¼% Gold Bond of 1933–1938." When Mr. Perry sought repayment, the federal government refused to pay the loan back, in gold coin, and forced Mr. Perry to accept $10,000 of legal tender currency instead. Briefly here are some details from the case:
Plaintiff brought suit as the owner of an obligation of the United States for $10,000, known as 'Fourth Liberty Loan 4 1/4% Gold Bond of 1933– 1938.' This bond was issued pursuant to the Act of September 24, 1917, 1 et seq. (40 Stat. 288), as amended, and Treasury Department circular No. 121 dated September 28, 1918. The bond...provided: The principal and interest hereof are payable in United States gold coin of the present standard of value.
When FDR, via his 1933 Executive Order, declared it illegal to own circulating gold coins, gold bullion, and gold certificates, the federal government forced itself into the position of defaulting on paying the above mentioned Liberty bondholders in the prescribed gold coin. Hence, subsequent to FDR’s executive order, all holders of such bonds were forced to accept legal tender currency instead of "gold coin of the present standard of value." The act of confiscating gold itself was a violation of private property rights and was illegal – regardless of what government apologists say. In turn, by not paying bondholders in gold coin, the U.S. government has technically defaulted on past Treasury bond obligations. As expected, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against Mr. Perry and in favor of Uncle Sam. This does not change the chilling truth that, in the past, the U.S. government has exercised arbitrary power to change the rules of the bond market (i.e. the means of repayment) by trampling private property rights. A default is a default.
Yes, and a Red Herring is usually Red. Granted, in the strictest sense, i suppose this author is correct. But the US Government did not
refuse to repay the debt, it just would not pay it in gold coin. Note that if you click the "home" link at the top of that page, you find the author is a strict Libertarian. That doesn't mean he is wrong, i just find it interesting.
Many DU'rs have commented in the past on whether or not Treasury securities are risk free and what exactly they are based on. The author of the article above makes some valid points regarding the rating of US Government securities but i think misses one important point; one that I have made before on other threads that may bear repeating.
Why is it that US Treasuries are seen by the worldwide investing community as having virtually Zero risk? They aren't backed by $20 trillion in gold reserves, so what is it? It is simply this: Treasuries are seen as having no risk because Americans get up every day, go to work and
willingly pay taxes on their wages. As a country, we have regular, peaceful (for the most part) transfers of political power and we don't burn down the Capitol building every decade or so. We have financial markets that are deep, extremely liquid, well regulated and politically stable.
That in my opinion is truly what it is all about. We are a good credit risk because we are good Americans.
Now, having said that, I think one of the, if not the biggest dangers Bush presents to our country and the worldwide economy as a whole is if his escapades would have the effect of simply lowering the credit rating of this country. If there even begins to be the slightest doubt in the mind of the investing community that we will continue to pay interest on time and pay back maturing bonds when presented, then we are in serious fucking trouble.