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If women in ancient times were chattel (property), which apparently they were, it's interesting that their rights as persons in Jewish law were still delineated.
In an extreme "honor" culture such as we see in the Taliban, a raped or seduced woman is considered to have dishonored her male relatives by surviving the rape, and may be killed by them with impunity.
By contrast, ancient Jewish law made a provision for the woman to be taken as a wife -- she could not be cast aside by her rapist or seducer, nor could her male relatives cast her out, but had to try to rectify the situation. It was, oddly, a form of protection for the woman -- she was required to be provided for the rest of her life.
An important feature of Jewish law is that it is not entirely contained in the books Christians call the Old Testament, but has been continuously discussed, written about, and revised considerably over the millennia, and is enshrined in many books and commentaries. IOW, that was then, this is now, a distinction my idiot fundy former son in law failed to understand.
As for "outsiders" as it relates to this old text -- I don't exactly know and someone else will have to speak to that. I do know that the child of a Jewish woman, regardless of how she got pregnant, is Jewish. The tribe is matrilineal to this day; however intermarriage certainly has taken place over the millennia and Jews today range from blue-eyed blonds to Middle Eastern to African in appearance. There are provisions for conversions, although there is no proselytization. The story of Ruth and Naomi has many interpretations, and conversion ("Thy people shall be my people") is one.
However, as relates to abortion (which is where this thread started), the mother's life and health have always had priority in Jewish law, and abortion is not considered murder. The focus was and is on the woman -- her pain, her care, her health, and her life to be saved over that of an unborn fetus.
In Christian Europe and America for many centuries what happened in the first trimester was considered women's business; doctor and lawyers only got interested after "quickening" in the second trimester. However 20th century technology allowed both doctors and laypersons to see every stage of fetal development down to the meeting of sperm and egg, and for those inclined to focus on the zygote/fetus/unborn baby over and above the woman, this made it all the more compelling to view abortion as murder.
I think Christians have had more trouble defining women's rights and the care of women in the matter of abortion, and it is Christian teachings that formed secular laws defining abortion as murder. Even then, the life and health of the mother were always given consideration in law and medical practice, and it was considered too extreme by far for 19th-20th century Protestants to adhere to Catholic teachings on abortion. I have read more than one novel written "back when" where a Protestant family has discussed not sending their mother/sister/daughter to the nearest Catholic maternity hospital because of the belief that if there were any trouble with labor and delivery that the baby would be saved before the mother. I used to think it was prejudice, but now I know that it was not.
Nowadays I'd want to know if my daughter's obstetrician was a radical Christian fundamentalist, frankly....
Complicated business. Shame on the GOP for nurturing extremists.
Hekate
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