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We've been totally duped by the flat tax lie. If you want to have some control over complex economy like the US economy, you need a complex tax code. One that rewards "good" behavior (reinvesting in US, paying for benefits, charitable giving, etc.) and penalizing "bad" behavior (pulling excess profits/salary...think CEOs, offshoring, conspicuous consumption, i.e., luxury taxes).
When you have a simple, "flat" tax code, it doesn't really matter if the rate is 10% or 90%, there is no real control of the economy. If you're way low, incentives don't really matter, i.e., if I can cut my taxes in half, it isn't a big deal if my entire tax bill is $1000, so I save $500, nice, but not behavior-changing money. However, just taking 90% (high-level socialism) only works if the business can't flee to a lower tax area (China, Mexico, etc.).
You can get away with the 90% tax rate, if you are willing to trade a ton of incentives to bring the effective rate down low enough to discourage off shoring the business. As I've said elsewhere, set the rate at 90%, but when unemployment is high, offer massive tax credits for companies hiring new American jobs. When investment in "green" technology stalls (when oil is relatively cheap), both reward green investment with tax breaks and punish oil burners with surcharges. If homelessness is a problem, offer incentives to builders, landlords, etc.
The point is that there really is much more to the tax code than choosing a set % and then arguing over whether it is too high, too low, or just right.
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