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"No safe blood lead level in children has been identified. Lead exposure can affect nearly every system in the body." - http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/default.htm

In children, acute exposure to very high levels of lead may produce encephalopathy and other accompanying signs of

ataxia
coma
convulsions
death
hyperirritability
stupor

The BLLs associated with encephalopathy in children vary from study to study, but BLLs of 70-80 µg/dL or greater appear to indicate a serious risk (ATSDR 2005).

Even without encephalopathy symptoms, these levels are associated with increased incidences of lasting neurological and behavioral damage (ATSDR 2005).

Children suffer neurological effects at much lower exposure levels.

Neurological effects may begin at low (and, relatively speaking, more widespread) BLLs, at or below 10 µg/dL in some cases, and it may not be possible to detect them on clinical examination.
Some studies have found, for example, that for every 10 µg/dL increase in BLL, children's IQ was found to be lower by four to seven points (Yule et al., 1981; Schroeder et al., 1985; Fulton et al., 1987; Landsdown et al. 1986; Hawk et al. 1986; Winneke et al. 1990 as cited in AAP 1993).

There is a large body of evidence that associates decrement in IQ performance and other neuropsychological defects with lead exposure.

There is also evidence that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and hearing impairment in children increase with increasing BLLs, and that lead exposure may disrupt balance and impair peripheral nerve function (ATSDR 2005).

Some of the neurological effects of lead in children may persist into adulthood.