2016 Postmortem
Related: About this forumDear Clinton followers:
Do you remember when Hillary implied that Monica Lewinsky and the others that came forward deserved the backlash they received in the media for being sexually promiscuous when they had sex with Bill Clinton and -- as Hillary implied -- they were 'sluts' for what they did?
That is your future feminist president. Don't worry, she did an interview with Diane Sawyer, et al, in her run up for the 2008 campaign to apologize. Please go look back at what Hillary said, and ask your self if that is what a feminist would say.
Please note I am not calling anyone those names, nor would I ever. I was paraphrasing Hillary and not attacking anyone. If you find this offensive enough to alert, then you must find what Hillary said offensive as well. Because she said some awful things...
msongs
(67,395 posts)Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)Those that weren't alive or politically aware in the 90s that support Clinton need to know what she said.
If you find it offensive, then, you find what Hillary said offensive.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)I loved Bill as a president but if I'd have been Hillary, I probably would have built a doghouse on the Rose Garden and stuck him in it for a month, with breaks only to go to the "situation" room.
You're really going to fault a woman for being angry at someone who slept with her husband? This is as bad as Trump tweeting pics of his wife next to cruise, implying to women victors everywhere that, "you too can have a hot wife if you trade in your two old ones."
I think Hillary is quite presidential. Many women I know would have thrown down in that situation.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)Said Hillary pretty much did that.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)I'm afraid to ask.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)I, in not way, am saying or implying anything nazi.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)Well, I definitely can't blame her for throwing down. Cheating sucks.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)I cannot imagine the hell Hillary put Bill through.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)There are some things that suck no matter where you are on the spectrum of success. Betrayal is definitely one of them. I really liked Bill as president even in spite of his flaws. It was a successful time for lots of regular people. Some of that may have had to do with the internet boom and not him but either way, it was a good time. And while ultimately, his dalliances with interns has no impact on my life beyond what right wingers chose to make of it, it was definitely Hillary's business to be angry and I don't blame her one bit. I think she lacks her husband's savvy and finesse but I think she genuinely wants to do a good job.
Bohemianwriter
(978 posts)That their "feminist" credentials are as valid as the word of Trump.
Hillary is not presidential unless you think that the reckless irresponsibility of Bush where he pointed to everybody else to put the blame on for his own blunders.
Hillary is not a leader. Nor is she presidential. She is more like a spoiled toddler who wants your toys to destroy.
Blaming an intern while forgiving her husband who abused his power to put his dick where it didn't belong is beyond disgusting and makes me wonder about the moral state of Hillary supporters who continues to throw Monica Lewinsky under the bus.
pangaia
(24,324 posts)..what kind of deal they made..
Bohemianwriter
(978 posts)worthy of covering.
The whole thing reminds me of a bloody soap opera.
ChisolmTrailDem
(9,463 posts)pangaia
(24,324 posts)nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)Monica and Bill were two adults who made adult decisions. She was neither a child nor brought to her knees in chains. In fact, much evidence exists that she cheerfully pursued this. Hillary was still the victim there. I LOVED Bill Clinton as president and I still think to this day she should have locked him out of the White House. To blame her for being angry at a woman who had sex with her husband is just beyond the pale of spin. You can say all you like that that equates us with Trump. I think advocating having sex with married men is far more Trump-like, since he was the one advocating on Twitter that it's ok to cheat on your your old wives and trade them in for younger models.
Bohemianwriter
(978 posts)Who thinks that everything is about voting for genitalia over merit.
One is the most powerful man on Earth, the other is a 1st year intern...
Off course it was on equal terms, and the first have never had a history of using his power to exort sexual favors from women on a lower social echelon...
Keep throwing Lewinsky under the bus. Makes the crocodile tears from the Hillary camp on behalf of sellouts even more hollow,
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)Both Bill and Monica were at fault here and even if you can muster that Bill was more at fault than Monica (at the very least he should have been more responsible in his choices, given his position), it changes nothing about the fact that Hillary was the victim. She had every right to criticize someone who had sex with her husband.
Onlooker
(5,636 posts)...
I think overall she handled an impossible situation reasonably well. I'm sure she doesn't believe Bill was a rapist, as some of the more extreme right-wingers maintain, but simply that he was promiscuous. Who know, with polyamory being so common today, it's possible that they had a somewhat open relationship, but under the public eye, they were forced to adopt a more traditional frame.
I won't fault Hillary for standing by the man she loves, but I will fault Bill for putting a young intern into such a terrible situation. He got what he deserved.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)Though, I never thought Bill raped anyone, but she shouldn't have said what she did or implied what she did.
she was victim shaming and that is never acceptable.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)She and Clinton were both adults and they were both guilty of what happened. Hillary had every right to be pissed. I think Bill was a great president and I still would have kicked his ass to the curb. How would you have felt if someone slept with your husband and it become front page news around the world? I thought she handled it well. Heck, I've often wondered if she demanded no less from Bill than all the support for her political activity since all that.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)It was consensual? Think of it this way... If a first year law student intern told a managing partner that she had a crush on him and he said let's go to the back office, would she be able to consent because she was afraid she would lose her job. Better yet, exchange teacher for president in that situation... That is OK? Then would it be OK to victim shame the girl?
muriel_volestrangler
(101,308 posts)She was neither Bill Clinton's victim, nor was she a girl. It was foolish, and he bears more responsibility, being the senior person, but she initiated it, and consented.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)Consent cannot be given, regardless of age, when one has authority over the other. Bill used his authority to have sex with Monica, then Hillary used her bully pulpit to victim shame Monica.
It was tantamount to teacher/student or Priest/Alter Boy.
muriel_volestrangler
(101,308 posts)('if she were afraid for her job', 'Bill used his authority') isn't what happened. She made the first move, and was always happy to continue. So she wasn't a 'victim'. So Hillary did not 'victim shame' her.
I'm going to do a bit of shaming now - you should be ashamed to say it was "tantamount to teacher/student or Priest/Alter Boy". That really is out-of-line.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)The only one victim shaming in this particular situation is her.
COLGATE4
(14,732 posts)that always start with "IF.....???". It's a dishonest question since there are absolutely no facts whatsoever to support the basic premise. Pretty much in the same bag with "Some people say...".
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)It was consensual.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)I am only speaking to the fact that Hillary slut and victim shamed Monica on national news programs. So, are you saying it is OK to victim and slut shame a woman? That doesn't seem right.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)Monica slept with her husband. But again, this is the new normal. Bernie people are celebrating women who sleep with married men and Trump is celebrating cheating on your older wives and trading them in for younger models. Sorry. Not buying what you're selling.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)For Hillary to go on national TV and ruin the life of a 20 something year old intern because her Husband couldn't keep it in his pants? So, you are saying the person that was propositioned by the president to have sex in his office is at fault. Last time I checked that was called victim shaming.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)That both Bill and Monica were at fault and that Hillary was the victim. And I'm not going to say otherwise no matter how many ways you try to put words in my keyboard. Lol
Travis_0004
(5,417 posts)If you sleep with the president and you are too stupid to keep your mouth shut its going to be national news.
Bill gets half the blame, and Monica gets half the blame.
Monica is not a victim, she is equally at fault.
COLGATE4
(14,732 posts)Talk about perverse logic.
annavictorious
(934 posts)You need to do a bit of research. Your narrative doesn't fit the facts.
And Hillary never said anything publicly about Monica Lewinsky. She never called anyone a slut or promiscuous. Hillary referred to Monica as a "loony toon" in a private email to a prominent friend whose correspondence was left to a university library and released after her death. That's the extent to what Hillary actually said.
It's never good when you have to distort facts to support your claims. Many Sanders supporters have bought the right wing story line, no questions asked. Do you really want to be the person who parrots the Sean Hannitys of the world?
One of Sanders's surrogates made a reference last week to "corporate Democrat whores". Did you express outrage over that?
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)I would suggest you watch this Hillary interview:
Then, maybe watch this:
muriel_volestrangler
(101,308 posts)Tell us the words, and the time in the video.
In that video, she says the allegations are false. So how could she be 'victim shaming' Monica Lewinsky?
peace13
(11,076 posts)Worth the watch. Two strong women. It appears that they each took different paths.
ieoeja
(9,748 posts)She told her friends she was going to get her "presidential kneepads".
Is it really so shocking to hear that a woman would want to have some fun with the world's most powerful man? More than one female pundit on TV at that time proudly said she would suck a POTUS's cock in a second!
InAbLuEsTaTe
(24,122 posts)Clearly they had an "understanding"... most likely for political purposes.
Response to nolawarlock (Reply #8)
InAbLuEsTaTe This message was self-deleted by its author.
Response to Onlooker (Reply #3)
BreakfastClub This message was self-deleted by its author.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)Monica Lewinsky slept with Hillary's husband. I thought she was far more gracious than I would have been.
uponit7771
(90,335 posts)I don't see us talking to each other any longer, talking past each other and not listening
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)... But that is OK I guess...?
frustrated_lefty
(2,774 posts)Arkansas Granny
(31,515 posts)Bill should have kept it in his pants, for sure, but these women were willing participants who knew he was married. Do you think Hillary should have invited them to tea, formed a support group, arranged counseling.
She was hurt, angry and many even blamed her for Bill's indiscretions (if she'd been taking care of things st home. . .). What would you have had her say about these women? Should she have apologized to them, divorced Bill, retired from public life?
I'm dying to know what you feel would have been the proper response.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)Hillary victim shamed Monica on national media... When it was her husbands fault. So that is OK? What if it were your daughter?
The absolutely most incorrect answer is to victim shame.
leftynyc
(26,060 posts)that's what you (and so many others) don't seem to understand. Shaming the victim is what everyone who puts one scintilla of blame on Hillary for what her husband and this woman did.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)But, would it be OK if the wife of a professor that had sex with his teachers assistant went on national news programs victim blaming the TA and implying she was a slut? You realize Monica told Bill she had a crush on him. Is there a higher authority than the president. She couldn't say no. And, that gave Hillary card blanche to victim shame her on national TV?
leftynyc
(26,060 posts)She was getting exactly what she wanted, with no thought that she was having sex with another woman's husband. I don't blame any wife for what they do in that case (short of physical violence which I would never support).
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)Does a girl that has sex with her teacher or her boss because she was worried about her grades or her job got exactly what she wanted? Or was she coerced into having sex because of the power ad authority the person had over them?
So, is it OK if girls at college are victim shamed for having sex with a frat brother? Because that is what you are implying?
leftynyc
(26,060 posts)AND you know it. Monica was quite open about how shamelessly she flirted with him (flashing her thong and such) - this wasn't a more powerful figure taking advantage of a weaker person and insisting they better have sex or there would be some punishment. THAT would be real sexual harrassment. This isn't even in the same hemisphere. I have no idea what your last question means - why would someone who slept with a frat brother be shamed?
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)I am only concerted about the fact that Hillary slut and victim shamed Monica on national news programs so, you are saying that it was OK for Hillary to slut and victjm shame monica because it was consensual?
leftynyc
(26,060 posts)Any woman who wants to keep their family together would do the exact same thing. She wasn't a woman running for President at the time, she was just a wife who had been cheated on - not for the first time. She was humiliated by Bill and Monica.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)Count as her political experience, and you want to support someone that victim shamed a 20 something year old intern seduced by her boss? That doesn't seem presidential to me.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)The only one victim shaming in this situation right now is you.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)Your daughter just landed an utterly impressive internship with the white house. Your daughter, just a 20 something had a crush on the president, who is very flirtatious and attractive. Your daughter, the intern, expresses the fact to the president that she has a crush on him. Instead of saying he was flattered but married, he asks her to go to the back office. Everything was consensual.
Then, the president's political rivals find out and, on the record, your daughter has to explain in detail what she did with the president. This was not only on the record, but aired on Cspan and every news program. You turned on CBS just to hear about how she gave felatio. Then, to make matters worse, the first lady is slut and victim shaming your daughter for what she did.
Now, please tell me who was the victim.
leftynyc
(26,060 posts)Hillary was the victim. I can't believe you want to blame her for trashing the woman who slept with her husband. What woman wouldn't trash her? And she never called Monica a slut - so you're lying also. But even if she did - the woman slept with her husband - I would have called her much worse. And you want to blame their disgusting sexual liaison on Hillary. That is seriously fucked up.
Haveadream
(1,630 posts)and had a crush on the President, I would be able to count on my child to behave professionally. If my adult child engaged in extramarital sexual behavior with anyone --without the consent of the other partner--I would be furious WITH MY CHILD. What a selfish, cruel, unethical, self absorbed, reckless thing to do. Those sentiments are for both parties but you are asking what I would do were it my child. And, if the situation became public or known to the wife, I would have my child APOLOGIZE to the wife for having intruded on her marriage and for having been responsible for causing so much emotional pain.
Hillary is the VICTIM. There is nothing, zilch, nada to support the argument that Hillary shamed anyone. Hillary behaved with far more grace, restraint and composure than most people could muster. The lack of compassion shown towards Hillary by Monica is something I would be ashamed for my child to do. The expectation that it is somehow Hillary's responsibility to protect the very individual who caused her injury is pure, unadulterated victim blaming.
pdsimdars
(6,007 posts)leftynyc
(26,060 posts)and MOTHER before any of that. And seduced by her boss? We are talking about a woman who went to Washington to get her Presidential kneepads and shamelessly flirted with the President - that relationship was ENTIRELY consensual. She wasn't seduced by any definition. You seem awfully eager to blame the victim here - are you letting your politics get in the way?
COLGATE4
(14,732 posts)Does a girl have sex with her teacher because she was worried about her grades
Or was she coerced into having sex because of the power and authority the person had over her
Neither of which situation applies here.
Have you stopped beating your significant other?
azurnoir
(45,850 posts)this wasn't a first , second or even third, at a point most smart women stop blaming the other woman and start taking a long hard look at hubby. Nor was this the first time Hillary did this to the 'other' woman and that includes women that say Bill attempted to force himself on them
leftynyc
(26,060 posts)of what kind of blame she gave to Bill. Zero idea of what was going through her mind. But anyone who blames Hillary for Monica is just looking to blame a victim of a cheating husband. There were only two people to blame for what happened, Bill and Monica.
azurnoir
(45,850 posts)leftynyc
(26,060 posts)for wanting to keep her family together, like millions of other women do every single day.
azurnoir
(45,850 posts)which is better for her political career being the present Mrs Clinton or the ex-Mrs Clinton?
more over what if she had divorced Bill he very likely would have remarried long before now, where would that have left her?
also maybe I know more about serial philandering spouses from a number of angles - starting with my own parents-hint my Mom was 20 years younger than my Father right through my own first marriage
leftynyc
(26,060 posts)if she was the ex wife for her career. A lot of women didn't understand her staying with a cheating husband (I wouldn't, but it's not my business).
azurnoir
(45,850 posts)moreover IMO if Bill remarried she's become an after thought, the focus would have turned to his new wife
leftynyc
(26,060 posts)her for staying but also for the reason you say she stayed. One day you'll admit you just want to trash her and that's why you're focusing on the cheated upon rather than the cheaters.
COLGATE4
(14,732 posts)her own terms. All the twisting and turning won't change that.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)Arkansas Granny
(31,515 posts)that she was going yo Washington to earn her presidential knee pads. She had had a previous affair with a married man. She engaged in consensual sex with a married man.
And speaking of daughters, you might remember that Chelsea had to see her father's infidelities slathered across the media for month, if not years, while she was a teenager.
Now, tell me about victims.
BTW, I have a daughter. I advised her not to mess around with married men. To my knowledge, she has needed that advice.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)Regardless of what happened, was it OK that Hillary victim shamed Monica on national TV?
Arkansas Granny
(31,515 posts)Please provide the exact quote.
TIA.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)See, e.g.
Arkansas Granny
(31,515 posts)the words you object to. What is the quote?
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)The smugness of it is utterly awful. But, I am not going to parse The whole video for you.
Arkansas Granny
(31,515 posts)Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)I am not going to transcribe that interview for you.
COLGATE4
(14,732 posts)A couple of succinct quotes verbatim should do nicely. Waiting...
leftynyc
(26,060 posts)she was smug. First it was because she had the nerve to trash talk the WOMAN WHO HAD SEX WITH HER HUSBAND. Now she's just too smug and awful. That's pathetic.
Haveadream
(1,630 posts)and they have to be publicly 'tone policed'.
The culture is disgustingly sexist because it routinely holds victims accountable for the crimes of the perpetrator. And, in this case, the perpetrators were Monica and Bill. If Monica is a victim of anyone, it is her own poor choices, flexible set of ethics and the Right Wing who callously used and humiliated her for their own craven political ends. Something like what is going on in this thread.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)Demsrule86
(68,555 posts)You better believe I talked trash about that that ...well you get the idea.
jfern
(5,204 posts)Demsrule86
(68,555 posts)And you are blaming Hillary for her husband? Wrong.
PBass
(1,537 posts)based on something that Bill did.
Keep repeating the Republican talking points, lets get them all out of the way, well before the general election.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)Hillary publicly slut and victim shamed Monica in the 90s on national news programs. That is OK because it happenes in the 90s? Most millennial Clinton supporters weren't there to witness it and I am just making it is an issue, because It is never OK to victim shame a woman.
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)Hillary was the victim in that situation of Bill and Monica's indiscretions. Why are you shaming her?
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)Let me use a hypothetical to explain what you are missing. Your 24 recent college graduate daughter just got an internship that is very selective. Now, your star eyes daughter has a crush on the president and told him. Instead of telling your daughter he is flattered but is married, he told her to go into his back office with him. She didn't want to lose her job, so she had sex with the president. Then, some political opponents become aware of what happened, and, your daughter had to give grueling testimony about every sexually act she did with the president.
At this point, the president's wife is also calling your daughter a liar and a slut on national TV. An act that not only utterly bullied your daughter, but was heard by her grandparents, friends, her father and mother. In that scenario is victim and slut shaming OK, and would you want to refine who you think the victim is?
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)Hillary was the victim here, not only of Bill and Monica, but of you.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)So it was OK for Hillary to slut shame monica? Also, please tell me when Hillary decided it was a good idea to apologize for what she did to Monica. Hint: just before she first ran for president.
Watch Monica's TED talk to understand how awful Monica's life was in the mid 90s
nolawarlock
(1,729 posts)So now you're going to whittle it down? What's next? Are you going to ask if I think it's ok that Hillary mentioned Monica's name?
For the record, I fully support Hillary taking a shot at the woman who slept with her husband and I don't see it as slut shaming. Frankly, some people should be shamed.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)You are saying that slut shaming is okay and should be done more often?
leftynyc
(26,060 posts)WTF did you expect Hillary to do? And why can't you find one ounce of sympathy for the women who had the entire world know her husband was cheating but have tons of sympathy for the woman who slept with her husband? AND you're trying to make it because you care about women. I see right through you.
COLGATE4
(14,732 posts)She pulled up her skirt and showed him her tango panties. Obviously she did it because 'she didn't want to lose her job'. Give it a rest. No one (including yourself, I suspect) is buying it.
Arneoker
(375 posts)I know you're having a sad right now. You'll feel better.
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)When Hillary slut and victim shamed her. But, that was a long time ago so it is OK she did that? Heck, go listen to Monica's TED talk if you want to know how her life was ruined...
Haveadream
(1,630 posts)and applying that term to Hillary's response completely subverts it's intended meaning.
procon
(15,805 posts)Must we always be benevolent and forgiving to meet your standards? Do feminist need to talk in a specific way, use secret code words, or say certain things that you approve of?
I honestly don't know because I didn't get the memo, yeah? So please understand my confusion when I learned that we feminists must fit a right proper mold of ladylike deportment to earn our activity badges. See, I've considered myself a feminist for the better part of a century and during that time I've worn many hats and had many roles, often concurrently. In a similar position, I found great satisfaction in indulging in a spectacular raging at both the ex and the other woman, and even a sly vindication in giving fate a wee nudge to end her stay in my community. I wanted to do more.
You have no idea of what feminism is, but until you do, know that it doesn't have anything to do with playing nice with anyone you dislike simply because of the happenstance of a shared gender
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)One of the very fundamentals of feminism is concerned about the power balances between those that have power and, thus can act, and those that are power-less and are subject to the whims and authority of those that are in power that results from, inter alia, shame, violence etc. But thanks for trying to lecture me.
And, in our little scenario at hand, who with the power is trying to use their inequitable authority to shame someone to prove ones power?
procon
(15,805 posts)Power is the antithesis of feminism. While there isn't just one type of feminism, in general most of us want to see the end of patriarchy and discrimination based on gender stereotypes, much as the views you are promoting now. What feminists, and specially those of us who are women, really want is social, political, and economic equality, not superiority or power.
Your perception of feminism is skewed by a man's traditional point of view towards women. Most men want power and when they get it, they wield it and use it against those they view as lesser beings, so they think feminists must desire the same thing.
Defend Lewinsky with due caution. She was the perpetrator and she cannot be a victim. She made a bad decision and earned her public walk of shame from the instant she made that fateful choice. Whatever guilt she may have suffered is the direct consequence of her own actions, no one else's. The only victim is Hillary Clinton, and nothing she might have said after the deed was done will change those facts.
beachbum bob
(10,437 posts)more egregious in my view and the view of 10's of millions of other americans....no way America will ever elect a pacifist to keep our country save....
Else You Are Mad
(3,040 posts)But thanks for the attempt at obfuscation.
Demsrule86
(68,555 posts)This is why Bernie needs to get out and now...you are helping the GOP at this point. You really think you will like a GOP president? Time for him to go...and the posting here to stop being so negative...they post your sort of comments on Free Republic and gloat.
pdsimdars
(6,007 posts)If she wins, we have a Republican president
and if she loses we have a Republican president.
Either way, we get a Republican president.
geek tragedy
(68,868 posts)pdsimdars
(6,007 posts)because I have so many on ignore that I don't see the nonsense too much (it's much nicer this way).
But I did see some of it here.
What came to mind was robocop and those robots that have a "prime directive", which is usually "don't harm humans" or something like that.
There seems to be some programming here too, the prime directive is to say anything to defend the candidate, no matter where that takes you. If you have to go against your aversion to war, no problem as long as the queen bee is protected. Or your aversion to slut shaming, whatever. In the moment of an argument say or do anything so you don't go against the prime directive.
THAT is what this reminds me of. Kind of fits doesn't it.
InAbLuEsTaTe
(24,122 posts)Darb
(2,807 posts)Sour grapes comes to mind.
DemocratSinceBirth
(99,710 posts)Haveadream
(1,630 posts)PeaceNikki
(27,985 posts)sycophant. I fully understand that she is a flawed human and candidate. Sometimes she says or does things with which I don't agree. But I still support her over the alternative. We get it, you disagree and feel it important to fling poop to discredit her. Have fun, but I still support her.
ViseGrip
(3,133 posts)Hiraeth
(4,805 posts)stonecutter357
(12,695 posts)Fresh_Start
(11,330 posts)Feminism does not mean supporting adulterers
treestar
(82,383 posts)about a woman who had an affair with her husband! FCOL! Nobody thinks well of a person when that's their relationship!
randome
(34,845 posts)So you've latched onto something from the 90s hoping to sow some discord.
It did not work.
[hr][font color="blue"][center]Birds are territorial creatures.
The lyrics to the songbird's melodious trill go something like this:
"Stay out of my territory or I'll PECK YOUR GODDAMNED EYES OUT!"[/center][/font][hr]