Americans bought more than 1.7 million firearms in May, according to estimates from industry analyst Small Arms Analytics & Forecasting. That is down from an estimated 1.8 million firearms in April, but an 80% year-over-year estimated increase.

The FBI says it performed more than 3 million background checks in its NICS database in May, more than 700,000 more checks than it performed in May 2019.

Many states run background checks on gun permit-holders, so background checks cannot be equated directly to gun sales.

Guns sales began to skyrocket in March, apparently driven by fears of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sales were up in April, too, according to SAAF estimates.

Georgia State University Law Professor Timothy Lytton studies gun violence and says gun sales are likely being driven by two very different worries. Some people are concerned about heavy-handed government during a crisis and others are worried government services, like police, won’t be able to reach them.

And he doesn’t see the trend in sales going away.

“I think the current civil unrest is likely to stoke both of those fears even further and that we're likely to see increased sales of firearms continuing on through the summer,” Lytton said.

Two-thirds of gun-owning Americans said in a 2017 study by the Pew Research Center that they own their guns for “protection.”

Higher availability of guns could lead to an increase in violent crime like homicide, according to the Harvard Injury Control Research Center. Advocates and public health experts have also warned of the increased risk of domestic violence and suicide, especially in the midst of the pandemic.

Lytton said one area of concern is the number of first-time gun buyers at a time when many don’t have access to safety training because of the pandemic.

“One of the legacies of this that we might see is we might see additional firearms accidents or misuse of firearms by people who really aren't well-trained or equipped to use them,” he said.

Most of the May sales were handguns, which are generally used for self-defense. In fact the ratio of handguns to long guns, like rifles, was the highest it has ever been in SAAF estimates, at nearly two to one. That ratio has been steadily climbing since the early 2000s.

And, according to FBI numbers, the vast majority of background checks performed in May took place before protesters took to the streets across the country to protest police brutality after the killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis.

This story has been updated with additional information. Guns & America’s Heath Druzin contributed to this story.

Guns & America is a public media reporting project on the role of guns in American life.

Uncle Hugo’s, the oldest independent science fiction and fantasy bookstore in the US founded in 1974, burned down during the recent riots protesting police brutality and racism in the wake of the recent shocking death of George Floyd during a police arrest in Minneapolis. As of May 30, at least 250 businesses across the Twin Cities had been damaged or destroyed. Some, including Uncle Hugo’s, were destroyed completely by fire or suffered extensive water damage. Uncle Edgar’s bookstore, a specialty mystery, suspense, and thrillers shop, which was housed within Uncle Hugo’s, is also gone.