From a literary standpoint, The Bible is the most important work of Western Literature.

[LeftyMom]

22. The bible is referenced in a lot of other works, but it's not all that influential in terms of style

We get a lot more of our ideas about narrative structure from Homer, for example. In terms of references, Shakespeare's just about got the bible beat and that's with the bible having a millennia and change of head start. And most of the bible's influence on English has as much or more to do with phrasing in Tyndale and the KJV than with the historical text itself.

If the bible was a big influence on how we use language we'd be much bigger users of allegory, lists and repetition. And we probably wouldn't be having this conversation in English. (If you want to make a case for a text dominating a language's development- and thus a culture- there's a much better case to be made for Arabic and the Koran.)

Of course many of the pillars of "Western Literature" predate or are roughly contemporary with parts of the bible, and "western culture" as we now understand it is largely a product of the rediscovery of those classical texts in the Renaissance.

Long story short: No. History, you fail it.