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In reply to the discussion: Rise of far-right in France after Paris Attacks [View all]2) See your mindset about adapting to the dominant culture is a big reason why racism occurs. People feeling like the newcomers are not assimilating properly ends in those people resenting the newcomers who are usually minorities.
I'll say it again, once someone is granted citizenship then that person has as much ownership of their home country as any other citizen of that country. And with an equal amount of ownership as every other citizen, any minority that chooses to speak, dress or act in a different way should be an addition to the makeup of the culture of a country.
If you use pre-existing citizens as the only make up of a country's culture then which pre-existing citizens get the ultimate say of what the culture should be? Do those that have been or had family in France since its founding get more of a say in what the culture should be than those that have only been or had family in France for the last 100 years. Should a white French teenager get more of a say in the culture of France than a immigrant descendant who was born in France at the same time as the white one?
3) Clerics only have as much power as the dictator or monarchy allow them to have before they feel they are a threat and then imprison them. Dictators may tolerate certain clerics so as not to rock the boat of their leadership, but ultimately if the dictator feels threatened enough then he will have the cleric imprisoned in a heartbeat to save his own leadership.
I suspect one of the examples you are talking about is Iraq and Sistani, but the Iraqi government only takes Sistani very seriously is because he has power over a large segment of the Shiite population and the government risks losing the next election if Sistani speaks out against them.
4) My parents are from Lebanon, and I personally don't identify as any certain type of Sunni, although I know of all the types and what the differences are between each and how dangerous some of those types are.
I'll also add that my father is Sunni whilst my mum is Alawi, so I get a good perspective of the different beliefs between the sects.
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