Covid-19 Vaccine Developed by U.S. Army Begins Human Testing

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Next-generation Covid-19 vaccines could play a role in vaccinations if they are differentiated from the current crop, infectious-disease specialists and industry analysts say. Vaccines that trigger a different kind of immune response, or which have a different route of administration—such as a nasal spray or liquid formulation that can be swallowed—may prove useful as primary vaccinations outside the U.S. or as booster vaccines in the U.S.

Scientists from the Army research institute developed their vaccine by hitching a copy of the spike protein found on the surface of the coronavirus onto another protein known as ferritin, normally found in human blood and containing iron.

The ferritin proteins form a multifaceted spherical structure that resembles the coronavirus. This in turn is designed to trigger an immune response that can help fend off the actual virus, if a vaccinated person is later exposed.

The vaccine also contains an ingredient called an adjuvant, which is designed to enhance immune responses.