"The recession of 1973-1975 diminished tax revenues at all levels at a time of rising demand for social expenditures. Deficits emerged everywhere as a key problem. Something had to be done about the fiscal crisis of the state. The restoration of fiscal discipline was essential. This empowered those financial institutions that controlled the lines of credit to the state.
In 1975 they refused to roll-over the debt of New York City and forced the city close to the edge of bankruptcy. A powerful cabal of bankers joined together with state power to discipline the city.
This meant curbing the aspirations of the city’s powerful municipal unions, lay-offs in public employment, wage freezes, cut -backs in social provision (education, public health, transport services) and imposition of user fees (tuition was introduced in the CUNY university system for the first time).
The bail-out entailed the construction of new institutions that had first rights to city tax revenues in order to pay off bond holders: whatever was left went into the city budget for essential services. The final indignity was the requirement that municipal unions invest their pension funds in city bonds to make sure that unions moderated their demands to avoid the danger of losing their pension funds through city bankruptcy.
This amounted to a coup by the financial institutions against the democratically elected government of New York City and it was every bit as effective as the military coup that had occurred earlier in Chile.
Much of the social infrastructure of the city was destroyed and the physical infrastructure (e.g. the transit system) deteriorated markedly for lack of investment or even maintenance.
The management of the New York fiscal crisis pioneered the way for neoliberal practices both domestically under Reagan and internationally through the International Monetary Fund in the 1980s. It established the principle that in the event of a conflict between the integrity of financial institutions and bond holders on the one hand and the well-being of the citizens on the other, the former was to be preferred. It hammered home the view that the role of government was to create a good business climate rather than look to the needs and well-being of the population at large.
Fiscal redistributions of benefit to the upper classes resulted in the midst of a general fiscal crisis....It was almost certainly the aim of then Secretary of the Treasury William Simon who, having watched the progress of events in Chile with approval, refused to give aid to the city and openly stated that he wanted New York City to suffer so badly that no other city in the nation would ever dare take on social obligations in this way again..."
David Harvey, A History of Neoliberalism
http://www.interfacehs.sp.senac.br/en/translations.asp?ed=4&cod_artigo=79&pag=3