Year of the Independent Voter
By Jeremy P. Jacobs 05/17/2008
When Sen. Barack Obama (D-Ill.) all but wrapped up the Democratic nomination last week, the focus of both his and Sen. John McCain's (R-Ariz.) presidential campaigns shifted to general election strategies. Unsurprisingly, both are targeting independent voters, which these candidates appealed to this primary season -- McCain, with his almost trademarked maverick persona, and Obama, with his post-partisan message of unity and hope.
Independent voters could be pivotal in November. While membership in traditional parties has weakened in recent decades, independent voters increased -- the number of people registering as "unaffiliated" or "other" since 1987 jumped from 16 percent to 24 percent. For example, in Florida, an important battleground state, the number of "other" voters has more than quadrupled, surpassing 20 percent of the electorate. In another key state, California, since 1988 the percentage of voters "declin
to state" a party preference rose nearly 8 percentage points -- to almost 18 percent.
The looming battle between McCain and Obama for independent voters is evident in polling. On Wednesday, Gallup released a poll that showed McCain and Obama share nearly equal support among independents -- 44 percent for Obama and 42 percent for McCain. So this election would ultimately be about who attracts the most independent voters.
Polling also reveals that McCain and Obama both satisfy what independents are looking for in a candidate - personal values, military judgment, willingness to work with the opposing party and managerial competence. So while the national environment may favor Democrats, this suggests that McCain still has a fighting chance to win over these important voters.
"The vital political center is back this year after it was on sabbatical in 2004,” said John Zogby, the eponymous pollster. "The middle, mostly represented by independents, is up for grabs. And it will be the swing vote in the election."
But while the "middle" is likely to be contested, independent voters are often improperly defined. A closer look at this group reveals it is not nearly as monolithic as usually portrayed. Blocks of independent voters vary across the country and, demographically, the differences can be substantial. For example, independent voters in Colorado, often new to the state, are largely young and well-educated. They have different values than independents in, say, Pennsylvania, who are likely to be older, less educated and more rooted in their community. Consequently, independents in certain areas will be more receptive to Obama's change message while those in other regions will be more likely to support McCain's established maverick image -- a result that could split the independent vote in November.
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