Too bad we don't have a Democratic Congress to implement it.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1569.htmlSocial Issues
The Great Depression
1929-1942
A thirst for changeThe electorate clamored for changes. The Republicans renominated Hoover, and the Democrats nominated Franklin D. Roosevelt. His energetic, confident campaign rhetoric promoted something specifically for "the forgotten man" — a "new deal." Roosevelt went on to a decisive victory. At his inauguration in March 1933, Roosevelt declared in his lilting style, "Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is, fear itself — needless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance."
The nation needed immediate relief, recovery from economic collapse, and reform to avoid future depressions, so relief, recovery and reform became Roosevelt's goals when he took the helm. At his side stood a Democratic Congress, prepared to enact the measures he proposed.
Congress passed a historic series of significant bills, most of which had originated in the White House, in just shy of a whirlwind 100 days. Congress also enacted several important relief and reform measures in the summer of 1935 — sometimes called the Second Hundred Days.
Significant legislation:
# One act created the Federal Emergency Relief Administration to be administered by Harry Hopkins. For relief or for wages on public works, it would eventually pay out about $3 billion.
# Three million young men found work in road building, forestry labor and flood control through the establishment of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).
# The Works Progress Administration (WPA) of 1935 would grow out of the previous two agencies.
# The Emergency Banking Act provided the president with the means to reopen viable banks and regulate banking.
# Another law insured bank deposits up to $5,000, and later, $10,000.
# A new Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) assisted homeowners.
# Farmers who voluntarily decreased the acreage of specified crops could become recipients of subsidies from the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), set up by the government.
# One particularly significant act created the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The vast, ambitious project, coupled with agricultural and industrial planning, would exploit the great river basin's resources with government dams and hydroelectric plants.
Political Cartoon 1938
Progress was made on the labor front:
# The National Recovery Administration (NRA) came into being through a significant measure in 1933. The NRA attempted to revive industry by raising wages, reducing work hours and reining in unbridled competition. The NRA was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1935; however, the majority of its collective bargaining stipulations survived in two subsequent bills.
# Employees were guaranteed the right to negotiate with employers through unions of their choosing by the Wagner Act of 1935, and it established a Labor Relations Board as a forum for dispute resolution. The act bolstered the American Federation of Labor, and pointed to the inception of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), another labor movement.
# The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 promulgated a 44-hour workweek with time-and-a-half for overtime and pegged a minimum wage of 25 cents an hour. The act also provided that the the hours would drop to 40 and the wage would incrementally rise to 40 cents. In addition, the bill made child labor under the age of 16 illegal.
Relief, recovery and reform also affected the social welfare.
Boys in soup kitchen, Dubuque, Iowa
The U.S. government could reach out in the widest way to alleviate human misery — such was the assumption that underlay the New Deal. Beginning in 1935, Congress enacted Social Security laws (and later amendments) that provided pensions to the aged, benefit payments to dependent mothers, crippled children and blind people, and unemployment insurance.
To fund all the new legislation, government spending rose. Spending in 1916 was $697 million; in 1936 it was $9 billion. The government modified taxes to tap wealthy people the most, who could take it in stride most easily. The rich, conservatives, numerous businessmen — and those who were all three — vigorously opposed the New Deal. But the election of 1936 triggered a nationwide endorsement of FDR, who carried every state except Vermont and Maine.