a continuous market in the asset or security being valued. There is not, and never was a continuous, running market in CDOs. If there was, determining the market value would be easy. Just get a quote on the security or a security of similar class (risk, maturity). The use of "unobservable Inputs" is necessitated by the use of Mark to Market where there really isn't a continuous market ih the assets being valued.
http://www.fasb.org/st/summary/stsum157.shtmlThis Statement emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, this Statement establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between
(1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs) and
(2) the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs).
The notion of unobservable inputs is intended to allow for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. In those situations, the reporting entity need not undertake all possible efforts to obtain information about market participant assumptions. However, the reporting entity must not ignore information about market participant assumptions that is reasonably available without undue cost and effort.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Merk to Market not appropriate where you intend to hold asset to maturity.
If you have an investment you intend to hold until maturity it's valid to carry it on your books at the Present Value of the expected stream of payments (from bundled mortgages in the case of a CDO). This stream of payments can be factored by any risk of default for which an objective measure can be determined. NOte that if the CDO contains several thousand mortgage contracts and you determine 10% (backed up with an objective measure) are estimated will default (with time periods for default considered) then the value of the income stream should be adjusted accordingly.