just that the claim was "
Many of the data points which used to be calculated in U3 have been removed." and "
It has, over the years, slowly excluded many of the factors that USED to go into how the US reported unemployment. Hence, there has been a gradual decrease in the Unemployment rate that has occurred regardless of what was happening in the Jobs market.
U3 is now comprised in a way that merely repeating it without a slew of caveats borders on fraud."
The implication being that these changes deliberately removed people from the definition of unemployed that should be counted with the intention of artificially lowering what should be the "real" unemployment rate. Which is untrue. I knew what changes had been made, but since neither you nor your source gave any specific examples, I wasn't sure you knew what they were rather than just repeating talking points. Now you do know, let's go through the reasons for changes, none of which were political:
A 4-week job search period and specific questions on jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the period for jobseeking, and there were no specific questions concerning job search methods.
Ambiguity in a sample survey leads to poor data because each individual represents thousands of others (for the CPS, 60,000 households represent over 150,000,000 people). The concept behind "unemployed" is that the person does not have work and is trying to find work and Unemployed is a measure of how successful people are at that, especially over time. Reading want ads, but not responding to any, is not trying to find work in any meaningful way. Having looked 2 years ago is not currently looking for work. People who looked some time in the past but aren't looking now are not looking now, anymore than a retiree, fulltime student, stay at home spouse etc. So why do you consider tightening up the defintion to be more meaningful, better able to measure the labor force, and consistant (removing interviewer bias and error) to be worse?
An availability test was introduced whereby a person must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement.
If a person isn't available to work, then how can they be unemployed? Again the concept is activity in the labor market. The concepts of employed and unemployed are about change in status. Including people as unemployed who CANNOT become employed artificially raises the number of unemployed.
Persons “with a job but not at work” because of strikes, bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking for work were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
If you have a job, then you are employed. If you're not at work but will return, then you're still employed, regardless of whether or not you're looking for another job. There's no reason that not being at work because of a strike, bad weather should be conceptually different from any other temporary period of not working such as vacation or illness.
New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those referred to as “discouraged workers,” defined as persons who indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking because they believe there are no jobs available or none for which they would qualify.
Now, you claim this shifted people from U-3 to U-6 which is technically untrue, since there was only one measure published until 1976 and those were U-1 to U-7 with U-5 being the official rate. But in any case I just asked one of the Economists who calculates the Unemployment Rate and he said he did some research and found that Discouraged Workers weren't really included prior to 1967....the questions were vague and it was up to the individual interviewer to determine status, and it usually only applied to regions going through particular hardship at the time. The definiton before 1967 was
Unemployed Persons comprise all persons who did not work at all during the survey week and were looking for work, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Also included as unemployed are those who did not work at all and (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days (and were not in school during the survey week); or (c) would have been looking for work except that they were temporarily ill or believed no work was available in their line of work or in the community. Persons in this later category will usually be residents of a community in which there are only a few dominant industries which were shut down during the survey week. Not included in this category are persons who say they were not looking for work because they were too old, too young, or handicapped in any way.
Note the bold section.."usually residents of a community etc.." was the prevailing use at the time. It wasn't systematic, it was vague and ambiguous. And the closest to the current measures would be the U-4, NOT the U-6, because it was limited to discouraged workers while the U-6 is ALL marginally attached AND part-time for economic reasons.
In 1994, major changes to the Current Population Survey
(CPS) were introduced,
Most of those changes, as you quoted, were transferring from pen and paper to computer questionairres. There was no definitional change in "Employed" and one minor definititonal change to "Unemployed." (which I'll get to later)
The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and been reported as not currently looking because of a belief that no jobs were available or that there were none for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked during the year), and must have been available for work during the reference week (a direct question on availability was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions).
Note that Discouraged workers were already Not in the Labor Force, so this in no way changed the definition of unemployed. Discouraged worker is useful (though not terribly so) to measure potential, but not actual, workers, but you still need some time limits to get an accurate measure. Why would you think a more objective measure is worse? And as I mentioned, iscouraged workers had NEVER been fully counted...even before 1967, it was interviewer discretion on whether or not to place a person as "Unemployed" if they hadn't been looking but wanted a job.
Similarly, the identification of persons employed part time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in the reference week because of poor business conditions or because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually work part time: They must want and be available for full-time work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons who usually work full time but worked part time for an economic
reason during the reference week are assumed to meet these criteria.)
Since this group had NEVER been considered unemployed, it doesn't support your claim. Getting actual information rather than inferred is an improvement.
Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4 weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed.
Previously, such persons did not have to meet the job search requirement in order to be included among the unemployed.
This was the ONLY definitional change to Unemployed in the 1994 revision. This tweak just helped have a more consistant definition of Unemployed.
In summary, the basic concept of unemployed being someone without work trying to find a job has not changed....Part-time has NEVER been part of the definition, the Marginally Attached have NEVER been part of the definition, the sub-set of the Marginally Attached known as Discouraged Workers were sort of included, but only at interviewer discretion and were not really part of the full concept since it was only applied under certain circumstances.
Changes which lower the Unemployment rate are not bad if the rate was overstated to begin with.
Methodologically, statistically, the changes are undeniable improvements to tighten definitions, get more objective and accurate. Vague, ambiguous, subjective definitions make things worse not better. Which is more objective and accurately measurable, people who want to work, are available to work, but can't find work, OR people who claim they want to work, have sometime in the past (with no time limits) looked for work, but aren't currently looking for work or in any way participating in the labor market?
So, no you haven't supported your claim that anything was political, nor the implication that previous definitons were better/more reliable and should really be included.