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hatrack Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Feb-22-08 12:13 PM
Original message
British Gas Researching 33-Gig Offshore Wind Farm - $136 Billion Plan
British Gas is looking to make a $136 billion dollar investment in offshore wind power- a gambit sufficient to power every British home with 33 gigawatts of electricity by 2020. The investment would be world's most intensive wind power development to date.

Foundations for Britain's biggest offshore wind farm to date, Centrica's Lynn and Inner Dowsing project 5km off the coast of Skegness, have been completed today paving the way for 180 MW of zero carbon power generation to be delivered to British Gas customers next year.

As the two 90MW wind farms near completion, Centrica's renewables team is in Germany targeting new suppliers for its next project, an even larger wind farm at Lincs, 8km offshore. Centrica has additional Round 2 licences which cover 1GW of potential offshore wind generation.

A consent application for the 250 MW Lincs project was submitted to the Government in January 2007 and Centrica awaits a final decision in the first quarter 2008. The team are currently in discussion with specialist suppliers at the European Offshore Wind Conference in a bid to harness future suppliers for steel, cables, turbines and transformers etc.

EDIT

http://www.thecherrycreeknews.com/content/view/2518/2/
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OKIsItJustMe Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Feb-22-08 12:26 PM
Response to Original message
1. It's not really British Gas...
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GliderGuider Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Feb-22-08 12:48 PM
Response to Original message
2. Wait a minute - $4/nameplate watt? I thought wind was supposed to be around $1/watt?
At 30% capacity, that comes out to $13.75 a watt. Can't you build nukes for half that?
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OKIsItJustMe Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Feb-22-08 12:56 PM
Response to Reply #2
3. These are offshore wind farms
Edited on Fri Feb-22-08 01:10 PM by OKIsItJustMe
http://www.forbes.com/afxnewslimited/feeds/afx/2008/02/21/afx4679223.html
...

According to Laidlaw, the cost is about 2 bln stg per GW for offshore wind farms, which is 66 bln stg for the total increased UK capacity.

...

Centrica has wind farms under construction off the east cost of England, though the cost of them has gone up considerably in the last three years.

'We've got plans to build another 1.5 GW of capacity mainly offshore, but the cost of this has risen sharply,' said Laidlaw. 'Assuming that it is all built it is going to cost 3 bln stg, nearly a 50 pct rise in the cost of construction due to raw material costs, rise in turbine prices and clearly there are current supply chain constraints.'

...

http://www.awea.org/faq/wwt_offshore.html#Where%20will%20offshore%20wind%20farms%20be%20built%20How%20far%20out%20to%20sea%20will%20they%20be,%20and%20how%20deep
...

Where will offshore wind farms be built? How far out to sea will they be, and how deep?

One of the largest offshore areas in the U.S. with shallow water is off Cape Cod, where a major wind farm has been proposed. Much of the rest of the U.S. coastline has at least some potential for wind development, but typically, turbine foundation costs increase rapidly with increasing water depth and wave height. The cost of connecting with utility power lines also increases rapidly as the distance from shore increases.

Still, there are advantages to siting wind farms further offshore. Wind speeds tend to be higher and the wind is steadier. This means that turbines built further offshore should capture more wind energy. Many hope that the technical challenges will be overcome and that in the future offshore wind farms will be built much further offshore, perhaps even on floating platforms at sea.

...
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GliderGuider Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Feb-22-08 01:25 PM
Response to Reply #3
4. I know, but it still doesn't make much economic sense.
According to a commentator on TOD,

For a similar nuclear build based on the experience so far for the Finnish plant, they have spent $4bn so far, so I estimated $6bn total - since costs for everything are rocketing, let's say it costs $8bn, for a 1.6GW plant that is $5bn GW, actual output at the typical 90% for a nuclear plant, around $5.5 bn GW

Interest rates on the nuclear build are going to be higher, and fuel will cost, although that is not a heavy cost for nuclear.

I know it's wind power and therefore is on the side of the angels, but paying over twice the price for power doesn't strike me as a good business model. But then, I'm not all that terrified of nuclear waste. To someone who is, the tradeoff may appear worthwhile, I guess.

Oh well, so long as it's Anything But Coal, they can spend their money any way they want.
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jpak Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Feb-22-08 02:19 PM
Response to Reply #4
5. The current cost for decommissioning, clean-up and disposal of UK nuclear facilities is $145 billion
so - yes, off-shore wind is a bargain for the UK...
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GliderGuider Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Feb-22-08 02:32 PM
Response to Reply #5
6. Do you have a source handy for that $145B?
Edited on Fri Feb-22-08 02:42 PM by GliderGuider
On edit: I found the source - the UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, that is estimating the cost at 72 billion pounds. Given that UK has about 13 GW of active nukes, that averages out to $11/watt. Add in $5.5 for construction, and you're at $16.50/watt, compared to the $13.75 for wind. OK, even this wind is cheaper than fully internalized nuclear.
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NNadir Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Feb-22-08 05:43 PM
Response to Reply #6
7. First off, the cost of the disposal of wind plants is disingenuously excluded. Theres the "watt"
Edited on Fri Feb-22-08 05:44 PM by NNadir
matter again too.

In fact, the entire dumb fundie anti-nuke conceit relies entirely on selective and arbitrary attention.

Nowhere is there any discussion of the climate change cost of building 136 billion dollars worth of wind plants, and no where is there a discussion of disposing completely of the waste of doing so.

The traditional and fraudulent conceit of the "renewables will save us" industry is to report - with zero justification and with zero rationality - that only nuclear energy need account for its entire environmental impact.

Has anyone ever included the cost of say, copper contamination, shipping, concrete in this little fantasy game of "wind will save us?" Back up power? Spinning reserve?

No. Of course not. Self delusion is too popular an activity.

In any case I have stated before that it is actually rather silly to talk "watts" when the issue is energy.

I'm trying not to be contemptuous, but I'm really, really, really having a hard time.

The cost of energy is not the cost of "watts", but rather the cost of joules.

It is relatively easy to calculate the cost per joule of energy for nuclear energy by simple calculation.

Britain built the first Western commercial nuclear reactor at Calderhall. It came on line in the mid 1950's. Thus nuclear power has been providing energy continuously to Britain since that time.

Since 1980, it is easy to show by direct calculation that Britain produced 6.39 exajoules of electrical energy.

http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table27.xls

At 33% thermal efficiency - ignoring the fact that Calderhall was a co-generation facility - this is the equivalent of 19.4 exajoules of energy consumed, ignoring completely the 26 years of previous nuclear generation.

Thus, the cost per joule of decommission all of Britain's nuclear power facilities amounts to 9 billionths of a cent per joule.

Seen on this basis, the entire cost works out to 0.08 kw-hr. This ignores, again, half of the history of nuclear power to be ameliorated by the money in Britain roughly, and further it ignores that this cost includes the cost of British weapons related nuclear facilities.

If there is a dumb fundie anti-nuke who has identified any form of energy that meets this cost level for disposal of all of its waste that will be met by a nuclear "clean up," that would be interesting to see but no one will bother, because no one is rational about energy.

There is no attempt on the part of "renewables will save us" fundies to include say the cost of coaling the battleships at the battle of Jutland in the external cost of coal plants, nor will be there any attempt to account for the cost of the Iraq war in providing diesel to fuel barges to build offshore junk. There is, for that matter, no attempt to include the cost of the Battle of Trafalgar in the cost of wind plants.

Arbitrarily dumb fundie anti-nukes wish to include the cost of say, Hanford, with their illiterate conceits about nuclear power, and of course, they like to pretend that that only nuclear energy must include the cost of weapons related technology.

Now, let's talk about "restoring" the environment after the plants are used.

If one wants to see, by the way, how long it takes for wind plants to turn into junk, one could, in theory - not that this will happen - take a look at the waste heaps in Altamount pass.

That plant when on line in 1981 and now we have these wonderful words:

Unsalvageable Turbines. Most of the first generation machines are technologically obsolete for bulk power generation in California and have little or no salvage value.(18) Some of these turbines are no longer in service, or operate infrequently. Public complaints about "abandoned" turbines are targeted primarily at these machines. Production from this class of turbines is particularly low, and repowering could result in production increases of up to an order of magnitude. The ability to successfully upgrade this class of turbines will largely depend on the quality of wind resources at each site, along with receptive policy and practices from state agencies and utilities. Turbines located at sites with modest wind resources will exhibit less production improvement than those at more energetic sites


http://www.wind-works.org/articles/Repower.html

This is not an excellent advertisement for the eternal operation of wind plants. Now we are going to hear all sorts of dumb ass fundie yuppie talk about how the new wind plants are new and therefore - as all new stuff is very popular in consumerist yuppie circles - they will last for eternity.

Bullshit.

Wind rotors can and do fail catastrophically, which is not surprising. They are devices requiring huge torques and huge friction, required to stand extreme weather over a vast area.

Thus entire game is again, at best, an exercise in selective attention and at worst an act either delusion or obfuscation - it doesn't matter which.

Again, I am really trying not to be contemptuous here - although I can seldom escape feeling contempt these days - but I note that the standards for the alleged "clean up" of Britain's nuclear facilities will far exceed any standards for cleaning up the dangerous fossil fuel waste generated by ships and barges hauling concrete out to sea for wind plants. In fact, any such standards will be ignored by the wind industry. When exactly, did the carbon dioxide from the barges and concrete used to construct Denmark's plants get "disposed." If you can produce one report of the inclusion of this waste in the calculation of cost for wind plants, I'd love to see it.

When the wind plants break apart, as they inevitably will, no one will give a rat's ass about the cost to say, fishing, of the heavy metals and lubricants that tumble into the sea. There will be zero dumb fundie anti-nukes who will appear anywhere giving a rat's ass about the topic, just as there are zero fundie anti-nukes here who give a rat's ass about abandoned turbines at Altamont.

By comparison, the standards set for "cleaning up" nuclear energy are arbitrary and frankly absurd. Only nuclear energy is required to demonstrate that no one ever anywhere at any time will ever be injured by the technology.

These wind plants will not be built, because they will not work. There is not one dangerous fossil fuel plant on the face of this planet that has been shut by wind plants, not one that has been shut by solar plants and the reason is that energy and instantaneous power are different things.

I also note that the external cost of wind power in this facile and rather absurd calculation fails to include the cost of energy storage. Britain has very little hydroelectricity to back up renewable energy. The famous Danish wind energy - which is not expanding rapidly by the way - would collapse in 20 minutes without access to Swedish, Finnish, and Norwegian hydroelectric capacity. The scientific literature is replete with calculations of the external cost of energy storage and I note, again with contempt, that the cost of cleaning up any type of storage system to nuclear standards is absurdly high and are routinely ignored.






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speedbird Donating Member (71 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Feb-23-08 12:47 AM
Response to Reply #7
9. economic justification, not needed here
1. somebody else is paying (the ratepayers)
2. my guess is, this is reaction to sort
of 'renewables' mandate
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jpak Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Feb-23-08 10:03 AM
Response to Reply #7
13. "These wind plants will not be built, because they will not work."
Ignorant hobbyist nonsense

Denmark has offshore wind farms.

The UK, Germany and Ireland are building and operating offshore wind farms.

Massachusetts, Delaware and Long Island are developing off-shore wind farms

Germany is field testing 5-10 MW wind turbines for offshore wind farms.

They exist.

They work.

They will be built.

QED

LOL
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kristopher Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Feb-24-08 05:44 PM
Response to Reply #7
17. Wow, a life cycle analysis of wind.
Who but a genius like you would have thought of doing something like that? I'll bet all those guys at MIT, NREL, etc would really love to hear your ideas on their total failure to do basic reseach. Imagine the chagrin of those poor folks when they learn how damn stupid they've been.

BTW, you must not know that the cost of decommissioning is posted during the construction phase and is considered as part of the up front cost.

But hey, you probably just forgot; you obviously know everything.
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Dead_Parrot Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Feb-22-08 06:13 PM
Response to Reply #6
8. Although bear in mind...
...off-shore wind installations have a 20-year life expectancy - you've also got to factor in the cost of removing the old towers and fitting new ones to get anywhere near the life expectancy of a typical reactor. I don't think anyone has been through that cycle yet so I don't have any costs to give you, but it's definitely non zero: Probably as much as the original installation IMHO, but I'm open to suggestions.
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diane in sf Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Feb-23-08 01:46 AM
Response to Reply #8
10. Could be like the Golden Gate Bridge where it's a lot of maintenance, mostly painting
and occasional replacements of structural members, but not necessarily a wholesale replacement of the towers. I would guess that the moving parts would be more often replaced. North Sea oil drilling rigs might have comparable kinds of maintenance issues.
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Dead_Parrot Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Feb-23-08 02:25 AM
Response to Reply #10
11. Very good point
This article puts a rig's lifetime at 20 years, but I believe structural corrosion isn't a major factor in that - I think the coatings used are good for around 40 years, so it would be reasonable to expect the turbine towers to last that long - probably longer, if they can be re-coated.

A quick google didn't turn up any comprehensive maintenance costs for unmanned oil platforms, but if anyone can find some it would be well worth looking at.
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Dogmudgeon Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Feb-23-08 04:50 AM
Response to Reply #11
12. There is actually about 30 years of experience
Wind generators have been around for a few decades now; the early ones were smaller, but the technology was similar. A study of the (now-abandoned) early wind farms could provide a lot of information about real-world wear and tear and probably result in many technical improvements.

I would be surprised if even the modern aerogenerators had more than a 25 year lifetime, because they are not built to the same demanding specs required for nuclear reactors. Nuclear power, then, has been the inadvertent beneficiary of the anti-nuke movement's insistence on perfect safety and zero risk.

Shows what "reaching across the aisle" can accomplish, eh?

:)

--p!
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Dead_Parrot Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Feb-23-08 03:50 PM
Response to Reply #12
14. On-shore or off-shore?
I thought that our off-shore experience was closer to ten years, and carries an extra (or at least different) set of problems.

Open to corrections, though. :shrug:
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kristopher Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Feb-24-08 05:58 PM
Response to Reply #14
19. That's correct.
We are still learning. But proof of concept was long ago.
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Dead_Parrot Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Feb-24-08 07:10 PM
Response to Reply #19
20. Indeed
Edited on Sun Feb-24-08 07:10 PM by Dead_Parrot
this is just spinning off on the life-cycle costs from posts 5&6: we know it works, but we don't have the final bill yet.
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kristopher Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Feb-24-08 10:01 PM
Response to Reply #20
21. Life cycle assessment of a 150 MW offshore wind turbine farm at Nysted/Roedsand, Denmark

Life cycle assessment of a 150 MW offshore wind turbine farm at Nysted/Roedsand, Denmark

Authors: Properzi, Scott1; Herk-Hansen, Helle

Source: International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, Volume 1, Number 2, 17 July 2003 , pp. 113-121(9)

Publisher: Inderscience

Abstract:
The purpose of this life cycle assessment (LCA) was to illuminate and describe the potential environmental impacts caused by an offshore wind turbine farm (WTF) throughout its lifetime and use this knowledge in the planning and improvement of future WTFs. The LCA was based on experience from the LCA on Danish electricity and district heating <1> as well as the offshore WTF project at Middelgrunden which is in operation. LCA of a wind turbine is not new. However, development in the area of wind turbines at sea and transmission of the electricity from the offshore WTF is new, and therefore, focus on the advantages and disadvantages in comparison with wind turbines on land is necessary. Data from the current wind turbine project, Middelgrunden, near Copenhagen, was collected from SEAS' wind energy centre and the other participating organisations and extrapolated in order to reflect the offshore WTF at Nysted/Roedsand. Nysted/Roedsand is expected to be in operation by the year 2003. All of the components of the WTF and transmission facilities have been examined and areas of environmental improvement have been identified. It was found that Nysted/Roedsand's offshore WTF and associated transmission facilities per produced kilowatt-hour have an improved environmental profile in comparison with a land wind turbine. Areas of improvement of an offshore WTF include the recycling of metals, recycling of the wings, minimising resource consumption and increasing the life expectancy of the entire wind turbine. The ISO 14040 standard on LCA was followed and the EDIP (Environmental Design of Industrial Products) method and modelling tool were used <2>.

If you are interested you can buy the article for $51
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kristopher Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Feb-24-08 10:02 PM
Response to Reply #21
22. That took about 30 seconds to find.
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Dead_Parrot Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Feb-25-08 02:38 AM
Response to Reply #21
23. Indeed, but that's only one cycle
what I'm hunting for is the refurbishment costs - initial manufacturing to end of one lifecycle, plus renewal into the next cycle: Since the topic of the sub-thread is the comparison of costs for a 40-50 year reactor vs a 20-25 year off-shore farm, it's kind of key.

Looks like an interesting paper, though, I'll see if I can find a version that doesn't involve $50.

I do like the idea of "future WTFs", BTW. I think we'll see a lot of them. :)
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kristopher Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Feb-25-08 04:30 AM
Response to Reply #23
26. Key??? Not so much IMO
When we are talking about predicting future costs, the further forward we go the harder they become to quantify. I think you'd be safe using a cradle to grave analysis that is extant and basically just doubling it. If you wanted to account for possible residual benefit of the towers, I suppose you could subtract the decommissioning costs. But those costs really aren't that much as a percentage of the total outlay.

There are two points to bear in mind. First is the cost of financing. As wind becomes more mainstream in the US it will begin to qualify more often for the preferred rates given to other generation facilities constructed under the umbrella of public mandate. Wind farms without a firm power purchase agreement from a public utility face investors with an expectation of around 18% ROI.
Second is economy of scale. As offshore wind ramps up the costs are expected to drop dramatically.

What we've been pushing for is an effort such as we saw directed at aircraft production during WW2. If Obama wins, we might possibly get it. Then we'll see if those theories about wind as a baseload power source actually pan out.

Time for bed.
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kristopher Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Feb-24-08 05:35 PM
Response to Reply #4
16. First, offshore wind is between 40-44% nameplate
Second, the economics of the comparison to nuclear depend on what value you are assigning externalities. I'd say that your valuation is at odds with that used by the British.

I don't think you can make a convincing argument for moving into nuclear before maxing out the potential of wind and solar.
It will take us a couple of decades to reach that point, and in the meantime, we should be working on ways to address security and disposal concerns related to widespread recycling of the plutonium fuel.



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Dead_Parrot Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Feb-25-08 03:42 AM
Response to Reply #16
24. In a couple of decades, a very large number of us will be dead
Now is not the time to saying "let's wait and see what else we can do". Unless you plan to address security and disposal concerns related to widespread dumping of carbon dioxide in the mean time?




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kristopher Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Feb-25-08 04:14 AM
Response to Reply #24
25. Well, let's see. You could mean that in a population of 6 bil,, 10 bil die each decade
But I don't think so. Do you know something the rest of should know?

I've a pretty good handle on the current science related to climate change, and while I see the urgency and understand the risks I also understand the realities of the world we live in. I love it if we were able to transform ourselves in the very near term into a sustainable track regarding energy usage. However, I'm not too impressed with the good sense of my fellow man. If we functioned as the logical creature some think we are, problems like climate change (and the more fundamental consumption society) would be a breeze to handle.

But realistically, we can only do what we can do with the resources we can persuade society to invest in the problem. At this time, the balance of perceived risk behind policy options is weighted in the direction I've been harping on. I don't have an irrational fear of nuclear power. My position is arrived at after a great deal of formal study specifically on the topic of how to address the energy side of climate change.

What do you see that is causing you to experience such a state of urgency?

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GliderGuider Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Feb-25-08 09:30 AM
Response to Reply #25
28. Here's what gives me a sense of urgency.
Edited on Mon Feb-25-08 09:34 AM by GliderGuider
Below are links to a series of four analyses that look at energy supply issues, the resulting impacts on global, regional and national GDP, as well as one study that examines at the effects of energy depletion, climate change, HIV/AIDS, fertilizer prices and global food price inflation over the next 30 years on Africa.

That last one is pretty worrying from the population reduction perspective. Other regions will have different problems than Africa (e.g. the net oil export crisis) but they will happen within the same time frame, along with a deepening depression from the economic destabilization that's happening now. IMO the population implications are pretty dire.

World Energy to 2050
Energy Intensity and GDP
Can Wind Power Plug the Energy Gap?
Africa in 2040

The problem isn't just climate change - it's the converging crisis of ecology, energy and economics, of which climate change is just one tributary.
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bananas Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Feb-25-08 06:39 AM
Response to Reply #4
27. It's extremely sensible when you consider cash flow and financial risk
Edited on Mon Feb-25-08 07:21 AM by bananas
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NickB79 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Feb-24-08 03:38 PM
Response to Reply #3
15. Mmmmm, offshore wind farms. Concretalicious
"Many hope that the technical challenges will be overcome and that in the future offshore wind farms will be built much further offshore, perhaps even on floating platforms at sea."

Until then, concrete foundations will be required to anchor them. And concrete production releases massive amounts of CO2. Oh joy.
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kristopher Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Feb-24-08 05:55 PM
Response to Reply #15
18. There isn't that much concrete used in the foundation.
Also, it depends on where on the seafloor the turbines will be mounted. In the US the most promising location is the MidAtlantic region which is sand. The preferred foundation there is just to insert a column deep in the sand and cap it with a metal ring, then bolt the tower to the ring. The base is then surrounded by riprap to avoid erosion.
I expect we will see at least 20,000 - 30,000 turbines in that area before they are done. The east coast is a blackhole of electricity demand.
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Dogmudgeon Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Feb-25-08 12:10 PM
Response to Reply #18
29. Won't offshore wind produce massive acoustic "pollution"?
We get up in arms when the Navy tests a new form of sonar, but consider that anchoring even 30,000 turbines in any given area would produce an acoustic nightmare for sea life. A certain fraction of the undamped vibrations (parasitic oscillations) from an active windplant, or machines of any kind, can be transmitted through concrete pillars, or tense metal guy-wires and chains to the seabed.

Whales, for example, can sense acoustic signals over enormous distances. We know that dolphins are sensitive to noise propagating through the ocean. Whales, dolphins, all http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea">Cetaceans are affected by mechanical noise, as well as many other orders of sea life.

Wind energy has great potential, but I see a habit of dismissing any and all drawbacks and side-effects of using it, even to automatically crying "damned NIMBYs!" when someone raises an objection. We should give careful study to all methods of generating energy, not just nuclear fission and fossil fuel. These issues are too important to screw up, especially for political reasons.

--p!
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kristopher Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Feb-25-08 04:47 PM
Response to Reply #29
30. Where do you see that habit?
"I see a habit of dismissing any and all drawbacks and side-effects of using it, even to automatically crying "damned NIMBYs!" when someone raises an objection."


I don't disbelieve you, I'd just like a more concrete understanding of where you gained the perception.

I'm aware of and share concerns about cetaceans, but I don't think the noise is the crux of the problem. One of the most endangered species is the right whale, that migrates along the east coast. The biggest threat faced by the right whale is being hit by ships. NOAA recently (2 years ago about) instituted a tracking system designed to report sitings and then broadcast them to ships in the vicinity to enable avoidance measures to be taken.

It is conceivable that, although noise from wind farms is proved to be of a type that causes no direct harm to cetaceans, it might cause them to alter their migratory path and put them more directly in the path of shipping.

Personally I don't think there is increased thread even if they do alter their path. In addition to the measures taken by NOAA, I think the conceptual model that underpins the worry is incorrect. The worry hinges on a view of the ocean and shipping that is based on static maps such as navigation charts. There, shipping channels are clearly delineated and are well away from most known migration routes.

The reality is not nearly so neat. A friend of mine used satellite tracking to determine the actual routes that oceanic shipping follows. Simply put, the channels are a figment of administrative imagination and do not mark a route that shipping traffic is actually confined to. So, I think the whales are already experiencing the same degree of risk that they will experience if we put up wind farms.

The other point you address is construction noise. Studies have shown that there is a temporary disruption to aquatic wildlife. But a wind turbine can be put up in one day, and then the site changes to at least a half mile away. Studies clearly demonstrate that the critters return to their habitat post construction.

The method of anchoring in the midatlantic region (which is where the first large scale development will occur) is to drive a large post into the sand of the seafloor (the entire region is sand out to nearly 200 miles), cap that with a steel plate, bolt the tower to the plate and surround the entire assembly with riprap. The riprap acts as a reef and provides habitat for a much wider range of species than the sand flats do.

For that reason among others, most wildlife advocates consider the ecological impact of wind farms to be positive.

One more thing, the studies that have looked at the effects of installation included observation of pinnipeds. They didn't appear to be adversely affected for more than a couple of days.

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Ordr Donating Member (699 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Wed Feb-27-08 09:14 AM
Response to Reply #29
31. .
Pigwidgeon is 100% right.
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jpak Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Wed Feb-27-08 09:17 AM
Response to Reply #31
32. No he is not - there is no evidence to support that *stupid* claim
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