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Evangelicals are, literally, Christians who believe in spreading the "Good News" of Christ. More specifically, evangelicals, like many Christians, believe in the divinity of Christ and (although they generally don't use thise phrase) in the doctrine of substitutional atonement, which holds that Jesus died as a substitute for humanity, thereby paying the penalty, or atoning for the sins of humankind. Evangelicals also generally believe that the way a person takes avails herself of this pre-paying of the penalty for sin is to (a) believe the above, and (b) affirmatively choose to "accept" or follow Christ.
Fundamentalists are a subset of evangelicals (not the other way around) who believe all of the above but also tend to believe strongly in a number of additional doctrines, often including the "inerrancy" of the Bible, the idea that the world was created by God in six 24-hour days as described in Genesis 1 and, almost always, the "leadership" of males in the church and family. Some fundamentalists adhere to various other doctrines, which they usually consider to be supported by some portion of the Bible.
While most evangelicals are conservative, many are liberal. Very few fundamentalists are liberal.
As far as public figures, I would consider Billy Graham and James Dobson to be evangelicals, with Dobson being more conservative than Graham. Ralph Reed and Jerry Falwell are almost certainly fundamentalists. If you are familiar with some of the major Christian colleges, I would consider Baylor and Wheaton to be evangelical, while Bob Jones Univeristy and Patrick Henry College are fundamentalist.
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