I think they predate Star Trek by several decades. I recall reading pulp sci-fi about hand-held communicators, written in the 30s and 40s. The "walkie-talkie" was an early version of this that caught on in WW2. The first cell phones were designed to look like 70s-futuristic walkie-talkies.
"Cloak" and "Cloaking Device" are strictly Trek. Before "Cloaking", it was "Invisibility". The word has become part of the technical
lingua franca for any kind of hiding or concealment technology, although there is nothing about cloaks that suggested concealment or invisibility before Trek.
Likewise, the word "Contra-Terrene" or "C.T." was used before "Anti-Matter". The locution is clearly French; it seems to be from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_sea">a paper by
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac">physicist Paul A.M. Dirac, French (and Hungarian, and possibly also English) by ethnicity.
Sci-Fi, of course, is full of cultural innovations. Even the near-misses are often amazing. The original book
When Worlds Collide makes extensive (literary) use of nuclear energy, the way it was once thought to be; the reality came out a little different. Early movies about space exploration are full of little "tells". The book
Darwin's Radio is half about medical phage therapy in its different developments. The
exact form factor of BlueTooth was in use decades ago. My own big interest in Sci-Fi is how people and culture co-evolve with technology.
But I have a hybrid personal history as being half-geek, half-artist; I see technology as being an art itself, and our own era as being analogous to the very beginnings of the Renaissance in the early 1300s. We still have some plagues, some Papal States, an era of exploration, and two whole scientific revolutions to experience.
Give me reincarnation, or some kind of physical immortality; either way, I'd like to stick around a while.
--d!