http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21162334/site/newsweek/<snip>
Zelikow's description of the bureaucratic battle follows revelations in The New York Times that the Justice Department secretly issued two opinions in 2005 explicitly authorizing the use of harsh interrogation practices on detainees, including head slapping, simulated drowning and subjection to frigid temperatures. The classified memos were closely guarded within the administration. At one point, says a U.S. intelligence official who asked not to be identified talking about sensitive matters, a senior Pentagon lawyer was evicted from a meeting, chaired by the then Attorney General Alberto Gonzales, to discuss the opinions. The memos were also a setback for Rice, who, according to Zelikow, "repeatedly" raised the issue with President Bush. But she found her progress blocked by Vice President Cheney.
But by late 2005, European officials were angry over disclosures that CIA officials had been interrogating prisoners at secret "black sites" in Eastern Europe. Meanwhile, U.S. officials began receiving reports that European military commanders were releasing captured terrorists in Afghanistan rather than subject them to U.S. interrogators, according to a former U.S. counterterrorism official who also declined to be identified. According to Zelikow and others, the battle continued. Then in July 2006, following the passage of legislation sponsored by Sen. John McCain, Bush finally agreed that the U.S. would adhere to Geneva Conventions standards.