view of ID or creationism.
One can believe in God and understand the theories of evolution.
One cannot understand God.
One should not “believe” in theories one should strive to understand them question them and refine them.
Here is my over view of what this so called debate in education is about:
First, science does work on making an observation, asking a question about it, formulating a hypothesis, then a theory, then testing that theory with observable, reproducible data.
Religion and faith are a deeply personal experience and as such require a suspension of interrogation and acquiescence or giving over of ones self to the experience of faith.
Where is the so called conflict between Biblical Creation and scientific theories about the universe and evolution?
Biblical creation concept requires an acceptance of the Bible verbatim, a “fundamental” acceptance of the Bible literally word for word.
Read Genesis and see how the universe was first made and how over seven days it was all finished. Literally, in seven days.
This view also requires that we accept that the universe and world were all created just over 5,700 years ago, starting with the Hebrew reckoning of time.
Science estimates the Big Bang around 13 billion years ago, not 5,700 years ago.
http://www.jewfaq.org/calendar.htmQuote
“Judaism 101
The year number on the Jewish calendar represents the number of years since creation, calculated by adding up the ages of people in the Bible back to the time of creation. However, this does not necessarily mean that the universe has existed for only 5700 years as we understand years. Many Orthodox Jews will readily acknowledge that the first six "days" of creation are not necessarily 24-hour days (indeed, a 24-hour day would be meaningless until the creation of the sun on the fourth "day").
For a fascinating (albeit somewhat defensive) article by a nuclear physicist showing how Einstein's Theory of Relativity sheds light on the correspondence between the Torah's age of the universe and the age ascertained by science, see The Age of the Universe.
http://aish.com/societywork/sciencenature/Age_of_the_Universe.asp”
“The Torah doesn't say every second, does it? It says Six Days. How would we see those six days? If the Torah says we're sending information for six days, would we receive that information as six days? No. We would receive that information as six million million days. Because the Torah's perspective is from the beginning looking forward.
Six million million days is a very interesting number. What would that be in years? Divide by 365 and it comes out to be 16 billion years. Essentially the estimate of the age of the universe. Not a bad guess for 3300 years ago.-
http://aish.com/societywork/sciencenature/Age_of_the_Universe.asp”
We have discussed this topic here before and I said then and I say now, that this creationist conflict is manufactured.
Why do I say that.
First, let me please state that one may or may not “believe” in a God, or a certain theology- that’s a religious matter.
But, it is not a question of “believing” in evolution or Darwin.
I don’t “believe” in any theory, I either accept and/or understand the science behind it or I don’t.
Faith is about belief.
Science is about understanding.
I don’t believe in Einstein. I don’t believe in E=MC^2. I sort of understand it and I know I understand that certain scientific consequences of that theory are verifiable, such as the atom bomb.
So one understands scientific theories, hypotheses, or laws, but does not “believe” in them, can’t, it would not be science it would be faith.
Second, this is about accepting certain theologic writings as interpreted by man.
The people from whom these writings originate, Jewish people, have studies their own scripture for a long time and learned people of that faith have debated these writings for a long time. Not simply saying here is what it says, end of topic.
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“The creation of time.
Each day of creation is numbered. Yet there is discontinuity in the way the days are numbered. The verse says: "There is evening and morning, Day One." But the second day doesn't say "evening and morning, Day Two." Rather, it says "evening and morning, a second day." And the Torah continues with this pattern: "Evening and morning, a third day... a fourth day... a fifth day... the sixth day." Only on the first day does the text use a different form: not "first day," but "Day One" ("Yom Echad"). Many English translations make the mistake of writing "a first day." That's because editors want things to be nice and consistent. But they throw out the cosmic message in the text! Because there is a qualitative difference, as Nachmanides says, between "one" and "first." One is absolute; first is comparative.
This verse might imply that Rosh Hashana commemorates the creation of the universe. But it doesn't. Rosh Hashana commemorate the creation of the Neshama, the soul of human life. We start counting our 5700-plus years from the creation of the soul of Adam.
We have a clock that begins with Adam, and the six days are separate from this clock. The Bible has two clocks.
That might seem like a modern rationalization, if it were not for the fact that Talmudic commentaries 1500 years ago, brings this information. In the Midrash (Vayikra Rabba 29:1), an expansion of the Talmud, all the Sages agree that Rosh Hashana commemorates the soul of Adam, and that the Six Days of Genesis are separate.
Why were the Six Days taken out of the calendar? Because time is described differently in those Six Days of Genesis. "There was evening and morning" is an exotic, bizarre, unusual way of describing time.
Once you come from Adam, the flow of time is totally in human terms. Adam and Eve live 130 years before having children! Seth lives 105 years before having children, etc. From Adam forward, the flow of time is totally human in concept. But prior to that time, it's an abstract concept: "Evening and morning." It's as if you're looking down on events from a viewpoint that is not intimately related to them..
http://aish.com/societywork/sciencenature/Age_of_the_Universe.asp”
Why is this argument contrived?
It is cast as a war of beliefs: You either believe in God or you believe in Darwin.
That is a false premise.
Again one is a matter of belief and does not require and cannot require understanding, God is unknowable.
The other is a matter of gaining understanding and belief in science would mean that efforts to gain understanding stop when we “believe in a theory or law”.
It is cast as a war of beliefs because then it can be cast as a war between science and religion.
There is no war between science and most religions.
For example, the article from Judaism 101 and the other from
http://aish.com/societywork/sciencenature/Age_of_the_Universe.asp.Also, Christians, among whom Catholics are counted, can accept evolution. The difference is when it comes to man. The Church says man is a special creation. A philosophical point of view reflecting the Church’s view that man has a special relationship to God and to his/her fellow man.
The Pope's Message on Evolution
In October of 1996, Pope John Paul II issued a message to the Pontifical Academy of Science reaffirming the Roman Catholic Church's long-standing position on evolution: that it does not necessarily conflict with Christianity.
http://www.cin.org/jp2evolu.html“Today, almost half a century after the publication of the Encyclical, new knowledge has led to the recognition of more than one hypothesis in the theory of evolution. It is indeed remarkable that this theory has been progressively accepted by researchers, following a series of discoveries in various fields of knowledge. The convergence, neither sought nor fabricated, of the results of work that was conducted independently is in itself a significant argument in favour of this theory.
What is the significance of such a theory? To address this question is to enter the field of epistemology. A theory is a metascientific elaboration, distinct from the results of observation but consistent with them. By means of it a series of independent data and facts can be related and interpreted in a unified explanation. A theory's validity depends on whether or not it can be verified, it is constantly tested against the facts; wherever it can no longer explain the latter, it shows its limitations and unsuitability. It must then be rethought.”
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http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-god.htmlGod and Evolution
by Warren Kurt VonRoeschlaub
Doesn't evolution contradict religion?
Not always. Certainly it contradicts a literal interpretation of the first chapter of Genesis, but evolution is a scientific principle, like gravity or electricity. To scientifically test a religious belief one first must find some empirical test that gives different results depending on whether the belief is true or false. These results must be predicted before hand, not pointed to after the fact.
Most religious beliefs don't work this way. Religion usually presupposes a driving intelligence behind it, and an intelligent being is not always predictable. Since experiments judging religious beliefs cannot have predictable results, and may give different results under the same circumstances it is not open to scientific inquiry. St. Augustine commented on this in _The Literal Meaning of Genesis_.
Evolution is based on the scientific method. There are tests that can determine whether or not the theory is correct as it stands, and these tests can be made. Thousands of such tests have been made, and the current theories have passed them all. Also, scientists are willing to alter the theories as soon as new evidence is discovered. This allows the theories to become more and more accurate as research progresses.
Most religions, on the other hand, are based on revelations, that usually cannot be objectively verified. They talk about the why, not the how. Also, religious beliefs are not subject to change as easily as scientific beliefs. Finally, a religion normally claims an exact accuracy, something which scientists know they may never achieve.
Some people build up religious beliefs around scientific principles, but then it is their beliefs which are the religion. This no more makes scientific knowledge a religion than painting a brick makes it a bar of gold.
Does evolution contradict creationism?
There are two parts to creationism. Evolution, specifically common descent, tells us how life came to where it is, but it does not say why. If the question is whether evolution disproves the basic underlying theme of Genesis, that God created the world and the life in it, the answer is no. Evolution cannot say exactly why common descent chose the paths that it did.
If the question is whether evolution contradicts a literal interpretation of the first chapter of Genesis as an exact historical account, then it does. This is the main, and for the most part only, point of conflict between those who believe in evolution and creationists.
Q4. If evolution is true, then isn't the whole Bible wrong?
First let me repeat that the underlying theme of the first book of Genesis can't be scientifically proven or disproven. No test has ever been found that can tell the difference between a universe created by God, and one that appeared without Him. Only certain interpretations of Genesis can be disproven.
Second, let us turn the question around. What if I asked you "If the story of the prodigal son didn't really happen, then is the whole Bible wrong?" Remember that the Bible is a collection of both stories and historical accounts. Because one part is a figurative story does not make the entire Bible so. Even if it did, the underlying message of the Bible would remain.
3. Evolution and God
Q5. Does evolution deny the existence of God?
No. See question 1. There is no reason to believe that God was not a guiding force behind evolution. While it does contradict some specific interpretations of God, especially ones requiring a literal interpretation of Genesis 1, few people have this narrow of a view of God.
There are many people who believe in the existence of God and in evolution. Common descent then describes the process used by God. Until the discovery of a test to separate chance and God this interpretation is a valid one within evolution. “
What about the third major religion in the world. Islam?
They too are part of the fundamentalist revival in the world.
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Islamic creationism is the belief that the universe (including humanity) was directly created by God as explained in the Qur'an or Genesis. While contemporary Islam tends to take religious texts literally, it usually views Genesis as a corrupted version of God's message. The creation accounts in the Qur'an are more vague and allow for a wider range of interpretations similar to those in other Abrahamic religions. Several liberal movements within Islam generally accept the scientific positions on the age of the earth, the age of the universe and evolution. The center of the Islamic creationist movement is Turkey where polemics against the theory of evolution have been waged by the Nurculuk movement of Said Nursi since the late 1970s. At present, its main exponent is the writer Harun Yahya (pseudonym of Adnan Oktar) who uses the Internet as one of the main methods for the propagation of his ideas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_creationismSo, if science and religion are two separte systems: one a faith system and the other an emperic system. If two of the major religions on this planet, Judaism and Catholicism can accept the scientific theories of evolution with out finding them at "war" then who is causing the debate?
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The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist religious campaign that calls for broad social, academic and political changes derived from the concept of "intelligent design."<1><2> Chief amongst its activities are a campaign to promote public awareness of this concept, the lobbying of policymakers to include its teaching in high school science classes, and legal action, either to defend such teaching or to remove barriers otherwise preventing it.<3><4> The movement arose out of the previous Christian fundamentalist and evangelistic creation science movement in the United States.<5>
The overall goal of the intelligent design movement is to "overthrow materialism" and atheism.
Its proponents believe that society has suffered "devastating cultural consequences" from adopting materialism and that science is the cause of the decay into materialism because science seeks only natural explanations.
Science is therefore atheistic, the movement's proponents claim.
Proponents believe that the theory of evolution implies that humans have no spiritual nature, no moral purpose, and no intrinsic meaning. The movement's proponents seek to "defeat
materialist world view" represented by the theory of evolution in favor of "a science consonant with Christian and theistic convictions".<3>
To achieve their goal of defeating a materialistic world view, advocates of intelligent design take a two-pronged approach.
Alongside the promotion of intelligent design, proponents also seek to "Teach the Controversy"; discredit evolution by emphasizing "flaws" in the theory of evolution, or "disagreements" within the scientific community and encourage teachers and students to explore non-scientific "alternatives" to evolution, or to "critically analyze" evolution and "the controversy".
The Discovery Institute<9> is a conservative Christian think tank that drives the intelligent design movement.<10> The Institute's Center for Science and Culture (CSC) counts most of the leading intelligent design advocates among its membership, most notably its program advisor Phillip E. Johnson. Johnson is one of the movement's most prolific authors and the architect of its "wedge strategy" and Teach the Controversy campaign.
The Discovery Institute and leading proponents represent intelligent design as a revolutionary scientific theory.<11><12><13><14> The overwhelming majority of the scientific community,<8> as represented by the American Association for the Advancement of Science,<15> the National Academy of Sciences<16> and nearly all scientific professional organizations, firmly rejects these claims, and insist that intelligent design is not valid science, its proponents having failed to conduct an actual scientific research program.<8> This has led the movement's critics to state that intelligent design is merely a public relations campaign and a political campaign.<17>
The movement's de facto legal arm is the Thomas More Law Center. This has played a central role in defending against legal objections to the teaching of intelligent design in public school science classes, generally brought on First Amendment grounds. The center has also participated as a plaintiff to remove legal barriers to the teaching of intelligent design as science. Similar legal foundations, the Alliance Defense Fund and Quality Science Education for All (QSEA), have also litigated extensively on behalf of the movement.--http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Design_movement”