article | posted March 20, 2008 (April 7, 2008 issue)
Not Your Father's FCC Michael J. Copps
"To the extent that the ownership of and control of...broadcast stations falls into fewer and fewer hands," the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) concluded, "the free dissemination of ideas and information, upon which our democracy depends, is threatened." With those words, the FCC ordered the breakup of the leading broadcast network and banned a single company from owning more than one station per city.
Is this an FCC you recognize? Probably not. That's because it's not your FCC--it's your father's FCC (maybe even your grandfather's). These media reforms were the work of James Lawrence Fly, the FCC chairman appointed by Franklin Roosevelt in 1939. A card-carrying New Deal trustbuster with good access to the President, Fly was a relentless opponent of "chain broadcasting"--the domination of local broadcasting by the CBS and NBC Red and Blue radio networks.
What a far cry from the media regulation we have today. In 1981 President Reagan appointed an FCC chairman who described a television set as nothing but a "toaster with pictures." The commission went on to dismantle nearly every public-interest obligation on the books and to enable a tsunami of media consolidation. The results have been disastrous--reporters fired, newsrooms shuttered and our civic dialogue dumbed down to fact-free opinions and ideological bloviation.
The good news--to paraphrase Arthur Schlesinger Jr.--is that eras of reform follow periods of reaction. The New Deal for media in the late 1930s came not a moment too soon. The "Roaring Twenties" emphasized media commercialism and consolidation. Though educational institutions operated stations in radio's infancy, by the time of the New Deal, fifteen years of regulatory decisions ensured that they had been crowded out by large for-profit corporations. (See Robert McChesney's and Paul Starr's works for gripping accounts of this fight.)
Even the early New Deal bill creating the FCC largely ratified the status quo by omitting a Senate amendment that would have allocated 25 percent of the radio spectrum to nonprofit broadcasters. Only with the reforms of the Fly-era FCC did the New Deal really begin to grapple with media consolidation. Even that momentum stalled too soon, as--in FDR's own words--"Dr. Win-the-War" came to supplant "Dr. New Deal." ......(more)
The complete piece is at:
http://www.thenation.com/doc/20080407/copps