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As the Depression increased, the last few years of Hoover's term, there sprang up many large areas of homeless people living on public lands, parks (even New York City's Central Park), and abandoned factory property, in "home-made" wooden homes built from crates, or under tin panels or other materials put together. These were called "Hoovervilles," because of the cold inaction of the very conservative Republican President Hoover, who no matter how obvious it all was, would not help them. All "Hoovervilles" were ordered torn down, every time, and the people brutally ordered out of the area. Of course, soon enough, it would spring up again, as the people had nowhere to go. Hoover, who did not believe that people should be helped directly, never responded to the collapsing economy, which was caused by Hoover's own tax cuts, deregulation, or refusal to regulate, and etc.
As things worsened, July of 1932, a large group of older World War I soldiers who had bonuses coming to them, to be paid 1945, marched on Washington D.C. and Pres. Hoover and Congress, to demand their money early, even at a reduced amount, as they were starving and had no other income. Hoover was so kind, as to order the Army to advance on them, (after breaking up THEIR "Hooverville"), and force them out of the City, using weapons and tanks. Two of the veterans were shot and killed, and many others were injured. They were not given a chance even to meet with Hoover. Hoover's comment later was, "A challenge to the authority of the United States Government has been met."
Hoover was ideologically incapable of comprehending or caring about the people's suffering (oblivious, insisting that prosperity was just around the corner), and never supported programs of direct cash payment, free surplus food, or anything else; but did support spending tax money on schemes to prop up banks so they would lend to people, even though unemployment had reached nearly one-third of the population, and no one could afford to buy things! Wow--who would do such a thing? Oh..uh. Well, anyway, later there was a kind of a scandal, as one of the main beneficiaries of Hoover's bank bailout was Charles G. Dawes, a close ally of Hoover's, and a Chicago bank of Dawes's. When the association was revealed, Dawes resigned, and THEN Hoover's Reconstruction Finance Corporation "loaned" Dawes $90 million! I do not believe it was ever paid back. Hoover's attitude was exactly the same as current corporate Republicans--everything for capitalists, nothing for the people. This is only one little angle; all the rest are the same. Thank God for Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, because they were what was just around the corner, and thank God, that they were traitors to their class.
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