in a competitive global economy.
Alfie Kohn is adamant that the new reforms going on in schools now are not about more real "learning", but that there is a different goal in mind. I agree there is more regimentation, more unquestioning obedience is demanded in many schools. Almost a ritualistic reciting of facts in many cases.
Don't get me wrong, memorization is necessary, rote is good to a certain extent. But too much of it and only factual learning takes place. There are other kinds of learning, concepts, ideals...that are often forgotten now.
While reading the interview by Alfie Kohn, I thought of a movie over 20 years ago. It was called Gung-Ho. It was about changing the way workers performed. It was just a movie then, and was considered a comedy. It did not seem that funny to me even then because as a teacher I translated those methods to a classroom setting, and I did not like what I saw.
Here is a
brief synopsis of the movie from 1986.In a town in the Midwest United States, the car factory has been shut, leaving the town economically distressed. A Japanese comapny, Assan Motors, has purchased the factory, but will need to be convinced that it is worth re-opening. Hunt Stevenson goes to Japan to make a presentation to Assan's management, and the result is that Assan sends a management team to America and the factory is re-opened, although the workers will earn a substantially lower wage than they had before the factory had originally closed. Still, Hunt is a hero for having convinced management to re-open.
The culture clash is severe, as Japanese management demands far more regimentation and output than the workers are used to, and unpaid overtime is expected when output falls short of productivity standards. Management has little regard for the workers and the quality of their lives, focusing on productivity alone. The workers become agitated and their relationship with management becomes adversarial. Hunt, acting as employee liaison, tries to smooth it over, but is unable, and when a worker intentionally knocks over one of the Japanese managers during a comapny baseball game, the situation appears beyond repair.
Now back to Alfie's interview with Fair's Counter Spin.
It's called by the almost Orwellian term: “school reform.” But what that means, in effect, is a corporate-style approach to management of school systems, in which the goal is not to help children learn but to prepare them to be employees who will help corporations become competitive in a global economy. And it involves very specific and prescriptive standards for what kids at a given grade level and in a given subject must be taught. It involves a sort of back-to-basics approach to teaching, and most of all, it involves constant multiple choice testing, so that if the test scores go up, that's a good thing, if they go down, that's a bad thing, without any understanding that higher test scores often undermine the quality of teaching and learning.
Yes, it is prescriptive teaching and learning. By the time I retired we had to use almost verbatim the words in the prescribed learning system. In my earlier years we were able to use teachable moments and build on them. There was time to connect and reach out to the students, delve deeper than the surface memorization they would need for the fill in the blanks testing.
We could follow a theme, but we could make our own lesson plans. We could be creative as we were taught to be while teaching. Things have changed and are changing more.
In the interview with
FAIR's Counter Spin just before Arne Duncan's appointment as Secretary of Education...Alfie Kohn, educator, pointed out how the media managed to talk about "real" reform praising such programs as NCLB...while in another breath associating teachers'unions with the "status quo". The status quo being the bad thing.
So all of the major newspapers editorialized right around the same time in early December and in almost identical language contrasting the bad old status quo, people who are in bed with the unions, on the one hand, and on the other hand bold reformers, and reform here again means intensification of things like the No Child Left Behind Act and the like.
.."CS: Yeah we've heard this before: social security reform, welfare reform, the language is important and putting these educators and activists into these categories isn't really new, is it? This is something that we've been seeing for, what, 20 years?
AK: Yes, I think in the last couple of years there's been, it's almost as if everybody on the right got the same memo that said from now on we must call what we're doing to kids the "get tough on unions, on teachers, on students to raise the bar. We must now call this reform,” so that anybody who opposes this agenda is by definition anti-reform, and stuck in the status quo. I mean, one of these people actually on a TV show accused me of being an apologist for the status quo, and I'm pretty darn radical, frankly.
They discuss that there is simply no talk even among Democrats of doing away with NCLB, even though the program is almost universally detested.
CS: No Child Left Behind, for example, seems to enjoy very little criticism in the media because it's part of this "reform agenda." There doesn't seem to be much room to say No Child Left Behind should be scrapped, even among a lot of Democrats.
AK: That's right. That's right. And this goes back some years now. Ironically there are some conservatives who resent the federal government being this involved in telling local school districts what they must do. And you ended up with people like Hillary Clinton and John Edwards and Ted Kennedy demanding one-size-fits-all testing on an annual basis. When No Child Left Behind was first announced in the very early part of this decade, Ted Kennedy followed George Bush around at his side to endorse it together. The only opposition you get is around funding. You know, I speak for a lot of educators when I say I don't want this assault on good teaching and local autonomy fully funded. But, you know, this is what passes for opposition in this country, is when, you know, if George Bush had said we're going to go around and hit every kid in the head, hard, with a hammer, but thank goodness we have Ted Kennedy to stand up and say "Yes, but who's going to pay for the hammer?" You know, that's the extent of the opposition.
The No Child Left Behind will continue. Duncan will push to have it funded, he says.
In fact there will be more testing of students in the plans of Arne Duncan.
Testing, more testing, and then charter schoolsEverything I have seen and learned since Duncan came to office has supported Secretary Spellings' admiring comments about Secretary Duncan. It turns out that Duncan, like the Bush administration, adores testing, charter schools, merit pay, and entrepreneurs. Part of the stimulus money, he told Sam Dillon of The New York Times, will be used so that states can develop data systems, which will enable them to tie individual student test scores to individual teachers, greasing the way for merit pay. Another part of the stimulus plan will support charters and entrepreneurs.
The other day I posted a
column by Herbert Kohl in which he pleaded with Duncan to reconsider so much of the testing.
I’m worried about the direction you’re taking education policy. In a recent interview with NEA Today, you said you read my book “36 Children” in high school and wrote an essay about it in college. “The book had a big impact on me,” you said, adding that it gave you “tremendous hope” to address the “challenges that teachers in tough communities face.”
But I’m afraid your emphasis on testing is only going to increase those challenges, especially in tough communities.
..."I wanted to let the students’ creativity and intelligence spring forth. And I wanted to provide interesting and complex curriculum that integrated the arts and sciences and utilized the students’ own culture and experiences to inspire learning. I discovered then, early in my teaching career, that offering ideas, experiences and activities that engage students is the best way to teach them. My career over the past 45 years has confirmed this.
Alfie Kohn has continued to be strong in his opposition to so much standardized testing:
Alfie Kohn on standardized testingFrom June:
"…no thoughtful educator could ever claim that we need standardized tests to tell us which students need help and which schools are in trouble. We have those data, and we have anecdotal evidence just from walking through schools.
What the tests do is measure what matters least and then distort the curriculum so that schools become giant test prep centers. In fact, the resistance to this over-testing of American children has been growing among rich and poor, black and white. There have been boycotts of the tests among parents last spring, not only in wealthy Scarsdale, New York, but in a Tucson, Arizona, inner city barrio school, in New York City schools that feature primarily African- American students, in Boston, and so on. Parents, like teachers, are beginning to realize that this top- down heavy-handed movement is not in the interests of children. It’s a desire on the part of politicians and corporate officials to show how tough they can get with teachers and with kids.
Exactly it's the get tough, zero tolerance, take no prisoners attitude that is winning the day. It has nothing to do with deep learning experiences.
We have plenty of data. What we don’t need is the pseudo-data that comes from timed, multiple-choice tests that tend to get kids to memorize facts they’re going to forget anyway and to drive some of the best curriculum out of the schools. I can’t emphasize this too strongly.
It’s not just that the tests are unhelpful, it’s that across the country, kids are now losing recess, they’re losing the chance to read good books, we’re losing discussion of current events, music and the arts, high-quality electives, as the schools become absolutely set to try to jump through the hoops because they have bribes and threats leveled against them to raise scores, not to raise the quality of learning."
Losing art, music, recess, physical education to jump through the hoop for test scores which are really not indicative of the kind of learning that students retain.
They are applying business tactics to the children in public schools now. They are forgetting that they are not automated in their thinking, yet they are using methods that assume it.
Like Gung-Ho, the goal is productivity. I am thinking that is not a very good goal for real teaching and learning that takes place deep inside the mind.