http://www.marxists.org/archive/padmore/1938/unrest-jamaica.htm<snip>
To the critical observer it would seem that the Empire is in actual truth “going.” Hardly a day passes without the report of some disturbance, some riot, some protest against imperial rule in the colonies. It is not strange, therefore, that just at the time when Lord Elgin, President of the newly opened Empire Exhibition at Glasgow, was informing their Imperial Majesties what a glorious contribution to the peace and prosperity of the peoples of the Empire this Exhibition represents, the working masses of the West Indian Island of Jamaica were being shot and bayoneted for demanding a betterment of their miserable conditions.
The events giving rise to the disturbance climaxed a deep-seated unrest of long duration. An imminent explosion was prophesied by a leader of the workers, Alex Bustamente, in the Manchester Guardian of April 8th, unless immediate remedial steps were taken. Even to the uninitiated it must be obvious that conditions are intolerable when hundreds of ragged men, women and children clamour for admittance to prison in order to obtain food, as happened a short while ago in Kingston, the capital.
Used as we have now become to descriptions of the manner in which great masses of people within the Empire live, even a brief review of the conditions of the Jamaican workers comes as something of a shock. Jamaica is entirely agrarian, and its economy is absolutely dependent upon the export of bananas, coffee, ground nuts, sugar and its by-product rum, pineapples and other tropical fruits. Its population density is heavier than in many European countries, about 290 to the square mile. (England has 269.) Of the total population of 1,138,558, the majority are Negroes, descendants of African slaves. There is a large half-caste population and a number of Chinese and Indians. But the 20,000 whites are the real masters of the colony. They and the absentee landlords form the plantocracy. Many of the local-born Europeans are also engaged in trade. They and their agents dominate the commercial and political life of the country.
Of the colony’s 4,450 square miles, about 140,000 acres of land is divided into peasant cultivation (chiefly bananas), but large scale agriculture predominates. The large proprietors own 837,000 acres, which are divided into plantations. This unequal division has created an intense land hunger among the peasants, and the demand has in recent years driven rents from 20s. to 34s. a year for an acre. The satisfaction of their land needs is obstructed by the planters, who fear labour shortage and higher wage demands.
Cruisers and armed forces failed to intimidate the workers. Dock labourers in Kingston returned to work only after a compromise agreement was made with the employers granting them an extra 2d. an hour. Workers’ pressure forced the release of Bustamante the moneylender and his aid, St. William Grant. Throughout the rest of the island there is a state almost of insurrection. So desperate are the workers and peasants that bullets and threats cannot deter them from struggling violently for an improvement in their conditions. The Colonial Office stated quite plainly that a readjustment of wages could not be made until the submission of the report by the Commission now making its investigation of the island. But it can meanwhile set military to put down “mob rule” and create further killings and woundings.
The workers of Jamaica want to know why the Government can intervene always only on one side – that of the capitalists. After over three hundred years of “democratic” British rule, this is the situation in Jamaica today. Deprived of the elementary rights of trade union organization, parliamentary representation, freedom of speech and Press, the Jamaican toilers are unable to improve their conditions by peaceful means. They appeal to the workers of Britain, therefore, to support them in their desperate fight to obtain, besides their immediate demands, these fundamental democratic rights. British workers must insistently press their leaders, both in the Labour Party and the trade unions to urge the granting of these legitimate demands to the masses of Jamaica; they must spur their leaders to action in order to secure within the colonial sections of the Empire that democracy about which they are so concerned in Europe. This is the least that workers of Britain can do to demonstrate their solidarity with these colonial workers.