First new river dolphin species found since World War I
Wonder how long this one will last. 
"Researchers have discovered a new species of river dolphin for the first time in since 1918 in Brazil. Unfortunately, it might be lost as quickly as it was discovered due to habitat destruction. The discovery was made by a group of researchers led by Tomas Hrbek of the Federal University of Amazonas and was published in PLOS One.
The newly discovered dolphin has been named Inia araguaiaensis, or the Araguarian Boto. Hrbek and his team made the discovery in Brazil’s Araguaia River basin. This area is pretty well populated and the dolphins are seen quite frequently, but until genetic sequencing and skull comparisons were completed, they were assumed to be members of I. geoffrensis. However, since I. araguaiaensis is physically isolated, Hrbek and his team suspected that it was a novel species and began to investigate. He notes: “It is an area where people see them all the time, they are a large mammal, the thing is nobody really looked.”
Analysis of the mitochondrial genomes revealed that I. araguaiaensis diverged from I. geoffrensis about 2.08 million years ago, around the same time that the Araguaia River shifted to empty into the Atlantic Ocean instead of the Amazon River. There are some morphological differences between the two species as well. I. araguaiaensis has a smaller skull than its sister taxon, which leaves them with 24 teeth in each jaw, whereas other species can have about 25-29.
The discovery of I. araguaiaensis brings the total number of living river dolphin species up to five. The Yangtze river dolphin was officially declared extinct in 2006. Three of the remaining species face imminent danger of extinction, as they are on the IUCN’s Red List..."
More: http://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/first-new-river-dolphin-species-found-world-war-i
