WEE Will Always Have Paris! November 20-22, 2015
The Threadmaker (me) is bushed. This has been a week of exhaustion, for some reason.But not to worry! No matter how awful it gets, we'll always have Paris!
War has a way of serving as the Waring blendor(tm) of lives....mixed, chopped, pureed, crushed. Nobody (well, maybe the war profiteers) gets out of War unchanged, and not changed for the better, either.
In Casablanca, that classic tale of "the problems of three little people (that) don't amount to a hill of beans in this crazy world" Paris was Rick and Isla's safe haven, the golden memory to warm many a cold and lonely night. But now, today, Paris is the nightmare, torn apart by violence by the people Paris took in for charity's sake.
Let's take a review of Paris: the good, the bad, the ugly, the past, present, and maybe even the future. Because we have to have Paris, to have a West. We need all the accomplishments of our civilization to get us through a bunch of long, cold and lonely nights.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/1932_Robelin_Map_of_Paris,_France_w-Monuments_-_Geographicus_-_ParisMonumental-robelin-1932_cropped.jpg
PARIS: 1932
= new reply since forum marked as read
Recent terrorist attacks in Paris and the downing of a Russian passenger jet have focused the West’s attention on the Islamic State’s civilian toll outside Iraq and Syria.
Attacks linked to ISIS targeting civilians in 2015, outside Iraq and Syria Circles represent number of deaths
But the Islamic State, also known as ISIS or ISIL, has a history of attacking mosques, hotels, busy city streets and other civilian targets in mostly non-Western countries. If the Islamic State is responsible for the Paris killings and the explosion of the Russian plane, as officials on both sides of the Atlantic seem to believe, the civilian death toll outside Iraq and Syria would rise to nearly 1,000 since January.
It would also signify a major leap in the group’s ability to direct attacks on the West.
Until now, the Islamic State has relied mainly on “lone wolf” followers to strike Western targets with relatively low-tech assaults — shootings, the taking of hostages, hit-and-runs — that draw wide attention but do not cause mass casualties.
“This is much different than a normal lone wolf-inspired attack,” Patrick M. Skinner, a former C.I.A. operations officer now with the Soufan Group, a security consultancy, said about the Paris attacks. “This was choreographed.”
“The fact that they could do this, especially in Paris, where the intelligence service is really good, clearly there’s a hole somewhere,” Mr. Skinner said.
UNFORTUNATELY, THE GRAPHICS ARE NOT LINKABLE...GO TO LINK
MORE ABOUT ISIS AT LINK
The capital and most-populous city of France is situated on the Seine River, in the north of the country, it is in the centre of the Île-de-France region, also known as the région parisienne, "Paris Region". The City of Paris has an area of 105.4 square kilometres (40.7 square miles) and had a population of 2,241,346 within its city limits in 2014. The Paris Region covers 12,012 square kilometres (4,638 square miles), and has its own regional council and president. It had a population of 12,005,077 as of January 2014, or 18.2 percent of the population of France.
Paris was founded by a Celtic people called the Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones which inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC and who gave the city its name. One of the area's major north-south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité; this meeting place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town and an important trading centre. The Parisii traded with many river towns as far away as the Iberian Peninsula, and minted their own coins for that purpose. By the 12th century, Paris was the largest city in the western world, a prosperous trading centre, and the home of the University of Paris, one of the first in Europe. In the 18th century, it was the centre stage for the French Revolution, and became an important centre of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, a position it still retains today.
The Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion (US $687 billion) in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France, and ranking it as one of the wealthiest five regions in Europe; it is the banking and financial centre of France, and contains the headquarters of 29 of the 31 companies in France ranked in the 2015 Fortune Global 500.
Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th century); the Sainte-Chapelle (13th century); the Eiffel Tower (1889); and the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur on Montmartre (1914). In 2014 Paris received 22.4 million visitors, making it one of the world's top tourist destinations. Paris is also known for its fashion, particularly the twice-yearly Paris Fashion Week, and for its haute cuisine, and three-star restaurants. Most of France's major universities and grandes écoles are located in Paris, as are France's major newspapers, including Le Monde, Le Figaro, and Libération.
Paris is often referred to as "The City of Light" (La Ville Lumière), both because of its leading role during the Age of Enlightenment, and more literally because Paris was one of the first European cities to adopt gas street lighting. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps.
Since the late 19th century, Paris is also known as Panam(e) (pronounced: panam) in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as "Parisians" and in French as Parisiens, pejoratively also called Parigots.
ROMAN EMPIRE CONQUEST
The Romans conquered the Paris basin in 52 BC and, after making the island a garrison camp, began extending their settlement in a more permanent way to Paris's Left Bank. The Romans built their city on the left bank because it was of higher elevation and less prone to flood; the forum was located on a hill about sixty meters high, later called Montagne Sainte-Geneviève after the patron saint of the city. The Gallo-Roman town was originally called Lutetia (more fully, Lutetia Parisiorum, "Lutetia of the Parisii"
. It became a prosperous city with a forum, baths, temples, theatres, and an amphitheatre. (In the early Middle Ages the hill became the site two important monasteries, the Abbey of Saint-Victor and the Abbey of St Genevieve, while another large and prosperous monastery, the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, was built in the fields along the Seine farther west. In the Middle Ages, the monasteries attracted thousands of scholars and students, who formed colleges, which, in the beginning of the 13th century, became the University of Paris.)
CONQUERED BY VATICAN
By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris in about 250 AD. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was beheaded on the hill which became known as the "Mountain of Martyrs" (Mons Martyrum), eventually "Montmartre". His burial place became an important religious shrine; the Basilica of Saint-Denis was built there and became the burial place of the French Kings.
CONQUERED BY FRANKS
Clovis the Frank, the first king of the Merovingian dynasty, made the city his capital from 508. Fortification of the Île-de-France failed to prevent sacking by Vikings in 845 but Paris's strategic importance—with its bridges preventing ships from passing—was established by successful defence in the Siege of Paris (885–86). In 987 Hugh Capet, Count of Paris (comte de Paris), Duke of the Franks (duc des Francs) was elected King of the Franks (roi des Franks). Under the rule of the Capetian kings, Paris gradually became the largest and most prosperous city in France.
The city was attacked by the Huns in the 5th century and Vikings in the 9th century.
Paris in the Middle Ages
In the 10th century Paris was a provincial cathedral city, and controlled little more than the surrounding region; but under the Kings of the Capetian dynasty, it developed into an important commercial and religious center and the seat of the royal administration of France.
The Île de la Cité became the site of the royal palace, and the new cathedral of Notre-Dame and its famous cathedral school begun in 1163 on the site a Roman temple to Jupiter; stones from the Roman temple were found beneath the choir of Notre Dame when the choir was renovated in 1711, and are now on display in the Cluny Museum. Twelve stones from the seats of the ancient Roman amphitheater were found in the foundations of the church. The church was not finished until the reign of Philip IV in 1330, almost 170 years after it was begun. It was the largest monument in Paris, 125 meters long, with towers 63 meters high, and seats for 1300 worshippers.
The School of Notre Dame became famous throughout Europe; it produced seven Popes and twenty-nine Cardinals; the future Louis VII studied there, as did the nephews of Pope Alexander III. The teachers included Pierre Abelard, Maurice de Sully, Pierre Lombard, Saint Dominic and Saint Bonaventure. It was the dominant school in Paris until the late 12th century, when it began to be eclipsed by the new colleges established around the monasteries on the left bank, which were not under the authority of the Bishop of Paris, but directly under the Pope. In this way the School of Notre Dame was the ancestor of the University of Paris, when it was chartered in about 1200.
The Left Bank was occupied by important monasteries, including the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés and the Abbey of St Genevieve. In the late 12th century, the collection of colleges on the left bank became one of the leading universities in Europe.
The Right Bank, where the ports, central markets, artisans and merchants were located, became the commercial center of the city, and the merchants assumed an important role in running the city. The right bank was swampy but it was also the best place for landing boats. The gravel beach where the Hôtel de Ville is today became the port and the commercial center of the city, where the central market was located.
Paris became a center for the creation of illuminated manuscripts, and the birthplace of Gothic Architecture. Despite civil wars, the plague, and foreign occupation, Paris remained through the Middle Ages the largest city in the western world.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_in_the_Middle_Ages
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris
we take to the streets fighting mad and/or a concumer strike and shut the spending down.
