Recent misinformation that Defensive Gun Use is ineffective for armed victims

[PTWB]

I've noticed a spate of misinformation posted recently where irrelevant statistics are twisted to fit a narrative that Defensive Gun Use is ineffective and dangerous for the armed victim. I'm posting this in order to shine a light on those tactics being used and to welcome discussion on these studies.

Are there risks associated with being armed? Of course. That's why everyone who chooses to obtain a concealed carry license or, in states where that is not required, chooses to carry a firearm for self defense, must train with and be proficient with that firearm in order to minimize those risks and maximize their chance for a successful and lawful Defensive Gun Use if they should ever be forced into a situation where they must use their weapon.

Further, there are general risks associated with owning or living in households with firearms. If you or a household member suffer from mental illness, addiction, depression, or are suicidal, or there are domestic violence issues in your household, the mere presence of a firearm could increase your risks substantially.

For those of us who are fortunate enough not to suffer from those maladies, or live with anyone who does, and do not have domestic violence issues in our household, owning a firearm is a much more reasonable and responsible choice.

Follow the four fundamental rules of firearm safety and you'll minimize or eliminate entirely any risks remaining.

National Research Council (2013). Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence. National Academy of Sciences.
Defensive Use of Guns

Defensive use of guns by crime victims is a common occurrence, although the exact number remains disputed (Cook and Ludwig, 1996; Kleck, 2001a). Almost all national survey estimates indicate that defensive gun uses by victims are at least as common as offensive uses by criminals, with estimates of annual uses ranging from about 500,000 to more than 3 million (Kleck, 2001a), in the context of about 300,000 violent crimes involving firearms in 2008 (BJS, 2010). On the other hand, some scholars point to a radically lower estimate of only 108,000 annual defensive uses based on the National Crime Victimization Survey (Cook et al., 1997). The variation in these numbers remains a controversy in the field. The estimate of 3 million defensive uses per year is based on an extrapolation from a small number of responses taken from more than 19 national surveys. The former estimate of 108,000 is difficult to interpret because respondents were not asked specifically about defensive gun use.

A different issue is whether defensive uses of guns, however numerous or rare they may be, are effective in preventing injury to the gun-wielding crime victim. Studies that directly assessed the effect of actual defensive uses of guns (i.e., incidents in which a gun was “used” by the crime victim in the sense of attacking or threatening an offender) have found consistently lower injury rates among gun-using crime victims compared with victims who used other self-protective strategies (Kleck, 1988; Kleck and DeLone, 1993; Southwick, 2000; Tark and Kleck, 2004). Effectiveness of defensive tactics, however, is likely to vary across types of victims, types of offenders, and circumstances of the crime, so further research is needed both to explore these contingencies and to confirm or discount earlier findings.

Even when defensive use of guns is effective in averting death or injury for the gun user in cases of crime, it is still possible that keeping a gun in the home or carrying a gun in public—concealed or open carry—may have a different net effect on the rate of injury. For example, if gun ownership raises the risk of suicide, homicide, or the use of weapons by those who invade the homes of gun owners, this could cancel or outweigh the beneficial effects of defensive gun use (Kellermann et al., 1992, 1993, 1995). Although some early studies were published that relate to this issue, they were not conclusive, and this is a sufficiently important question that it merits additional, careful exploration.

Self-Defensive Gun Use by Crime Victims: A Conjunctive Analysis of Its Situational Contexts
Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
Volume 25 Number 1
February 2009 6-19
Timothy C. Hart
Terance D. Miethe
University of Nevada–Las Vegas

The Consequences of Self-Defensive Gun Use

Table 2 summarizes the pattern of deviant and normative consequences of self defensive gun use across different situational contexts. These consequences of defensive gun use are defined by the crime victim as either helping or hurting the incident. Panel A of Table 2 arranges these situational contexts in terms of their prevalence of helping, whereas Panel B ranks them in terms of hurting outcomes. There are a total of 15 distinct situational contexts in Table 2 that satisfy the minimum frequency rule of five incidents (i.e., each of the 15 profiles involves at least 5 cases of defensive gun use that either helped or hurt the incident). The particular characteristics of the normative and deviant situational contexts associated with helping and hurting outcomes are summarized below.

When victims use guns for self-protection, it is far more likely to be perceived as helpful than hurtful across all situations. In fact, the mean level of helping was 92% across these 15 situations of self-defensive gun use (sd = .10). As shown in Panel A of Table 2, there are eight distinct situational contexts in which defensive gun use by crime victims always helped resolve the incident. No single attribute was found in all of these eight situations; instead, the particular effects of type of crime, whether the offender had a gun, the offense’s location, and the time of day were highly contextual, dependent on the particular combination of the other attributes considered conjunctively. Panel A also displays three “deviant” situations of defensive gun use where its prevalence of helping was one standard deviation below the average rate. Most of these deviant situations involved assaults in public locations at night by offenders who were not thought to be on drugs or alcohol. Even in these situations of relatively low helping outcomes, it is important to note that at least 75% of the victims in these contexts considered their gun use to be helpful.

Across these 15 situations of self-defensive gun use, the average level of hurting responses was 7.5% (sd = .08). However, there were three distinct situational contexts in which the rate of perceived hurting was no less than 17% (i.e., beyond +1 sd above the mean). These deviant situations of relatively high hurting outcomes always involved assaults at night and usually incidents in private homes by an unarmed offender with no known presence of alcohol or drugs. Given that there are also situations of nighttime assaults in which self-defensive gun use rarely or never worsened the incident (e.g., situational IDs #24, #18, and #5), the findings in Panel B also illustrate the limitations of a main-effect specification of the relationship between these variables and the consequences of self-defensive gun use.

[AndyS]

1. Please read this.

https://www.vacps.org/public-policy/the-contradictions-of-kleck

Even mentioning Kleck just makes you look so bad . . .

[PortTack]

2. Sorry..not buying it. Here's just one of a WHOLE page of searches

Most American gun owners say they own firearms to protect themselves and their loved ones, but a study published this week suggests people who live with handgun owners are shot to death at a higher rate than those who don’t have such weapons at home.

“We found zero evidence of any kind of protective effects” from living in a home with a handgun, said David Studdert, a Stanford University researcher who was the lead author of the Annals of Internal Medicine study.

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/apr/07/guns-handguns-safety-homicide-killing-study

And, as a retired ER/medical transport nurse for 25+ yrs my personal experience doesn’t see it either. In fact it’s the very reason I will never have gun in my house

[discntnt_irny_srcsm]

4. re: "people who live with handgun owners...

...are shot to death at a higher rate than those who don’t have such weapons at home."

It does stand to reason that maximizing you distance from a handgun will minimize your chances of being shot with one. That's kind of the same as saying living in a one story ranch house minimizes your chances of injury from falling down the stairs.

I don't own a gun either. Nor do I live in a one story house.

[yagotme]

5. Well, if you look at raw numbers,

most gun deaths are suicides, so, therefore, a gun in the home of a person that is suicidal will result in more gun deaths, as a firearm is an easy method for suicide,

"“We found zero evidence of any kind of protective effects” from living in a home with a handgun, said David Studdert, a Stanford University researcher who was the lead author of the Annals of Internal Medicine study."

Really? All I have to do is find 1 case to refute this researcher, right?

https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/80-year-old-shoots-kills-intruder/1875430/

[AndyS]

3. I went to the home page of one of your studies.

Just for context try clicking here: https://www.hoplofobia.info/

Given the amount of disinformation that Russia is pumping into our politics and the close relationship they have with the NRA do you really want to rely on this source? Just asking . . .

ETA: web page is Polish but the English transation is even more damning.